What is the Let?

In Their Own Words ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190909482.003.0004 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 67-110

Author(s):

C. Christine Fair

Keyword(s):

Political Participation ◽

Historical Account ◽

External Threats ◽

Parent Organization ◽

Intelligence Agencies ◽

Operational Development

This chapter provides an historical account of LeT's ideological roots as well as its organizational and operational development, including its most recent foray into Pakistani politics despite decades of forswearing direct political participation. Even though Pakistan did not create LeT/JuD or its parent organization MDI, it quickly co-opted it and rendered it the most lethal and loyal proxy in Pakistan's arsenal for managing external threats but also for assisting its military and intelligence agencies domestically.

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The Scottish Parliament

The Oxford Handbook of Scottish Politics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198825098.013.25 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 480-499

Author(s):

Emily St Denny

Keyword(s):

Political Participation ◽

Democratic Deficit ◽

New Era ◽

The Public ◽

Scottish Parliament ◽

Operational Development ◽

Scottish Politics

Advocates of Scottish devolution believed that it would usher in a new era of governance, one which would contrast starkly with the putatively antiquated centralism and adversarial politics associated with ‘Old’ Westminster practices. Electing representatives with the power to design ‘Scotland-specific’ policies was also intended to reinvigorate political participation and renew the public’s faith in institutions, helping to redress a perceived ‘democratic deficit’. The new Parliament was placed at the heart of this vision of a ‘new Scottish politics’. Since 1999, the Scottish Parliament has met some, but not all, of the public and policymakers’ original expectations. This chapter presents a critical introduction to the Scottish Parliament as a now-mature legislature, by retracing and assessing its historical and operational development.

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Territorial Threat, Mobilization, and Political Participation in Africa

Conflict Management and Peace Science ◽

10.1177/0738894211404790 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 183-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marc L. Hutchison

Keyword(s):

Political Participation ◽

International Relations ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Decision Makers ◽

The Political ◽

Issue Salience ◽

External Threats ◽

National Differences ◽

Participatory Behavior ◽

Cross National

The link between territorial issues and incidents of militarized conflict is one of the most consistent patterns found in the empirical study of international relations. Consequently, disputes over territory are generally perceived to be more salient to state decision-makers than other types of issues. Given this relative issue salience, state elites are thought to be more likely to engage in domestic mobilization efforts when territory is externally threatened. The political participation literature observes wide cross-national differences in participatory behavior and contends that the level and timing of participation is partially a function of elite-led strategic mobilization. I propose that these phenomena are connected and that territorial threats are associated with overall patterns in non-voting political participation across countries. I assess this relationship with cross-national, multilevel models using 27 Afrobarometer surveys collected in 16 different countries from 1999 to 2003. As expected, if salient external threats are triggering domestic mobilization efforts, I find that territorial threats are positively associated with most forms of non-voting political participation. However, I also observe lower levels of protest behavior in states that recently experienced a territorial threat—a finding that corresponds with previous research linking salient external threats to increased societal cohesion.

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