A Question of Inequality
Chapter One, “A Question of Inequality,” argues that complaints of wrongful discrimination are best understood as claims that one has been treated as the inferior of others, rather than as their equal. It then introduces the question that the book will answer: When we disadvantage some people relative to others on the basis of certain traits, when and why do we wrong them by failing to treat them as the equals of others? The author discusses monist theories of why discrimination wrongs people—that is, theories that trace the wrongness of discrimination to some single feature in all cases—and argues that such theories are problematic, and that we need to look instead for a pluralist theory. The author discusses a number of challenges facing pluralist theories, and explains how the theory elaborated in this book will address these challenges. The chapter also includes a detailed discussion of the relevance of the law to our moral thought about why discrimination is wrong, and a discussion of the importance of using real examples with real claimants. The author argues that particularly because the different wrongs involved in wrongful discrimination depend on the background social context, hypothetical examples that have no background social context will not help us assess what is wrongful about wrongful discrimination. Moreover, hypothetical examples risk leaving in place misunderstandings about the groups that have historically faced wrongful discrimination and who have not been given a voice. If we are to understand the situation of these groups, we need to try to take their perspective and learn from their actual experiences.