Assessment of the impact of terrorism on tourism in the 21st century: the example of Egypt

The article aims to analyse the impact of terrorism in Egypt on its tourism sector. To investigate the topic and obtain an answer to the research thesis that terrorism threat affects the level of tourism in Egypt, a literature review was used, and research was carried out in the form of an online questionnaire. The concept of terrorism is defined, and its types, causes and characteristics are shown through specific examples. The research has shown that terrorist threats perceived by tourists have a significant impact on their decisions when choosing a tourist destination. It shows that 36% of the respondents checked the current political situation of the chosen destination long before the planned departure, and 55% did it shortly before leaving.

Sousse Attacks: A New Perspective on Soft Target Defense and Modern-Day Terrorism Threat

The Sousse attacks embody the main characteristics of terrorism and insurgency as pursued by ISIS. They are presented here as overarching examples of the underlying themes examined in this paper. In the first section, we give an outline of the facts that occurred in Sousse, Tunisia, highlighting features that mark the importance of the events in themselves and in the broader context of terrorism studies. In the second section, we offer a qualitative analysis of the traits of modern-day terrorism threat in the post-ISIS era—in particular, a marked preference for soft targets, all-around enemification of nonconformers, loose ties with perpetrators, massive use of communication technologies and propaganda, dissemination of paramilitary and insurgency know-how, and training. In the third and final section, we discuss the lessons that can be drawn from the events of Sousse, with a specific focus on soft target defense, as relevant for future challenges emerging from the rise and fall of ISIS as a pseudo-state entity and the dissemination of its personnel, ideology, and knowledge outside the territories it once occupied. In particular, we propose a departure from the model of soft target protection to one of defense.

TERRORISM AND TERRORISM FINANCING AS A THREAT TO NATIONAL AND GLOBAL SECURITY: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ASPECTS

The article analyzes the concept of terrorism and identifies the reasons for the ambiguity and number of approaches to the essence of the term. The essence of the concept of "terrorism" is considered from different positions, namely: as a type of organized crime of sociopolitical nature, as a sociopolitical phenomenon, as a threat to national and global economies, as a result of social, political, economic and territorial conflicts. Subjective and objective causes and signs of terrorism are identified. An information model of terrorism as a threat to national and global security has been developed. The symptoms of the problem of preventing and counteracting the financing of terrorism and the consequences it causes have been studied. Peculiarities of public administration in the field of prevention and counteraction to terrorist financing are determined. Keywords: terrorism, threat, national security, counteraction to terrorism.