Why We Should Reject the Uptake Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Tom Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Successful Communication ◽  
Public Commitment

This chapter argues that we should reject the Uptake Condition, according to which an action falls within the scope of consent only if the consent-receiver successfully interprets the consent-giver’s behaviour as motivated by an intention to permit this action. We should reject this condition on the grounds that a public commitment can be sufficient for consent in the absence of uptake with the consent-receiver. Since the Uptake Condition is implied by the Successful Communication Principle for the scope of consent, we must also reject the Successful Communication Principle. However, since the Behavioural View is not committed to the Uptake Condition, it does not follow that we must reject the Behavioural View.

Introduction to the Forum on Cluttering: Rays of Hope Shine Around the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1566-1567
Author(s):  
Isabella Reichel
Keyword(s):  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
Feedback Training ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Attention Performance ◽  
Self Help Groups

Purpose In the 10 years since the International Cluttering Association (ICA) was created, this organization has been growing in the scope of its initiatives, and in the variety of resources it makes available for people with cluttering (PWC). However, the awareness of this disorder and of the methods for its intervention remain limited in countries around the world. A celebration of the multinational and multicultural engagements of the ICA's Committee of the International Representatives is a common thread running through all the articles in this forum. The first article is a joint effort among international representatives from five continents and 15 countries, exploring various themes related to cluttering, such as awareness, research, professional preparation, intervention, and self-help groups. The second article, by Elizabeth Gosselin and David Ward, investigates attention performance in PWC. In the third article, Yvonne van Zaalen and Isabella Reichel explain how audiovisual feedback training can improve the monitoring skills of PWC, with both quantitative and qualitative benefits in cognitive, emotional, and social domains of communication. In the final article, Hilda Sønsterud examines whether the working alliance between the client and clinician may predict a successful cluttering therapy outcome. Conclusions Authors of this forum exchanged their expertise, creativity, and passion with the goal of solving the mystery of the disconcerting cluttering disorder with the hope that all PWC around the globe will have access to the most effective evidence-based treatments leading to blissful and successful communication.

The interpreters’ point of view on ELF at the European Commission: “A completely uneven playing field”

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Cristina Scardulla
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Communicative Effectiveness

AbstractThe use of English as a Lingua Franca is a promising solution to the overcoming of language barriers in a wide variety of contexts and, despite being formally governed by the principle of multilingualism, the European institutions are no exception. This paper aims at shedding light on the perception on the use of ELF within the European Commission, by presenting the results of a questionnaire carried out within the framework of a broader PhD project. The target population is that of interpreters working for the European Commission. The analysis focuses on two specific questions, which address interpreters in their role as communication experts, inviting them to momentarily set aside their opinion on the relationship between ELF and interpretation and rather assess ELF in terms of “communicative effectiveness,” considered as an essential component to a successful communication. Results confirm previous ITELF (Interpreting, Translation and English as a Lingua Franca) studies, in that interpreters believe that ELF tends to decrease the level of communicative effectiveness and that, based on their direct experience, less than half of the speakers in these meetings succeed at expressing themselves effectively when using ELF. Most importantly, they elaborate on what this loss of effectiveness entails in terms of communication quality, interlocutors’ participation rights and multilingualism.

Incorporating Human Factors Into a Healthcare System’s COVID-19 Communication Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Butler ◽  
Ann Katherine Hoobler ◽  
Lucy C. Stein ◽  
Erica S. Hoenig ◽  
Laura M. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
User Feedback ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Successful Communication

The COVID-19 era has been an age of change for healthcare systems worldwide. At the beginning of the pandemic in particular, there was a huge need to rapidly communicate new and constantly changing information with critical safety implications. Previously successful communication strategies were not adequate for this unprecedented challenge. At MedStar Health, the Quality & Safety team led a unique partnership between human factors experts, clinical teams, and the communications department to develop a three-pronged strategy for effective communication during the pandemic. This strategy incorporated the following components: 1) Using human factors and usability concepts to distill complex clinical information into easy-to-understand infographics for frontline associates; 2) Creating regular, succinct messaging to distribute the information and provide frequent updates throughout the healthcare system; and 3) Designing and maintaining a usable webpage where associates could access up-to-date information relevant to their specialty at any time, on or off the hospital network. This strategy, which was dynamic and adapted to user feedback, was supported by associates as a streamlined method for communicating important information throughout the pandemic.

scholarly journals From Focus on Sounds to Focus on Words in English Pronunciation Instruction

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska ◽  
Sławomir Stasiak
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Special Training ◽  
Pronunciation Instruction ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Phonetic Errors ◽  
Accented English ◽  
Designed Materials ◽  
Phonetic Instruction

The paper addresses a very important aspect of Polish-accented English, namely the issue of frequent phonetic errors made by Polish learners which do not result from their inability to produce foreign sounds correctly, but which stem from various interference factors (e.g foreign pronounced as [fo’rejn]). Following Szpyra-Kozłowska’s (in press a) claims that such errors hinder successful communication far more than other segmental and suprasegmental inaccuracies and should thus be treated as a top pedagogical priority, what is suggested is a shift in phonetic instruction from the focus on the production of sounds and prosodies to the focus on the pronunciation of problematic words. Our major goal is to demonstrate how this proposal can be implemented in the language classroom. The authors present a report on the experiment in which a group of 25 Polish secondary school pupils has undergone a special training in the pronunciation of 50 commonly mispronounced words with the use of special, teacher-designed materials. The effectiveness of the employed procedure as well as the pupils’ reactions to it are examined and pedagogical conclusions are drawn.

Speakers' Overestimation of Their Effectiveness

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boaz Keysar ◽  
Anne S. Henly
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Natural Conversation ◽  
Consistent Tendency

Successful communication depends in part on an ability to anticipate miscommunication. We investigated speakers' ability to gauge their addressees' understanding. Participants in our experiments were asked to say ambiguous sentences while attempting to convey a specific intention to their addressee. When they estimated the addressee's understanding of the intended meaning, they showed a consistent tendency to overestimate their effectiveness. They expected the addressee to understand more often than the addressee actually did. In contrast, overhearers who were informed about the speakers' intention did not systematically overestimate the speakers' effectiveness. Our findings suggest that when speakers monitor their own utterances, they do not act as unbiased observers. Instead, they underestimate the ambiguity of their own utterances and overestimate the extent to which their disambiguating cues make their intention transparent. Such overestimation could be a systematic source of miscommunication in natural conversation, and should be accounted for by any theory of language production.

The Welsh Evangelical Community and ‘Finney's Revival’

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Carwardine
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Great Awakening ◽  
Second Great Awakening ◽  
New Divinity ◽  
Public Commitment ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Spiritual State

The early decades of the nineteenth century saw the emergence in American Calvinist churches of a new brand of religious revivalism. Energetic evangelicals successfully challenged the authority of a Calvinist theology which had seemed to emphasise the exclusiveness of the elect, and man's helplessness and inability to act in securing his own conversion. These evangelicals adopted a revivalism which, in contrast, reminded man of his responsibility and power, and which experimented with means to win converts that conservative evangelicals thought an affront to the operations of the Holy Spirit. The ‘new measures’, as they were called, included more direct preaching, often by revivalists who itinerated solely to stir churches and win converts, the ‘protracting’ of services over several days or weeks, and the ‘anxious seat’—the use of a special pew at the front of the congregation where those concerned for their spiritual state could go to be exhorted and prayed for, and where a public commitment might be expected. These measures—and the ‘New Divinity’ which gave them theological justification—became increasingly widespread during the 1820s and 1830s, the climax of the ‘Second Great Awakening’. In large part the impetus for change had come from the rapidly-growing Methodists, Arminian in theology and determined exponents of a high-pressure revivalism; but within the Calvinist churches the single most influential agent of change was the ‘high priest’ of revivalism, Charles Grandison Finney.

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