scholarly journals Attachment, Addiction, and Vices of Valuing

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-246
Author(s):  
Monique Wonderly
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Relevant Object

Addiction and certain varieties of interpersonal attachment share strikingly similar psycho-behavioural structures. For example, both the addicted and the interpersonally attached often report a common pattern of cognition, affect, and motivation directed toward the relevant object. This pattern includes, inter alia, recurring and recalcitrant thoughts about the object that captivate one’s attention, intense longing for the object, feelings of bliss upon obtaining the object, and feelings of dejection when one is deprived of it for too long. These thoughts, feelings, and desires tend to motivate the agent to seek out the object for various kinds of interaction. Neuroscientists, psychologists, and philosophers have often adduced these similarities between addiction and attachment to argue that many typical cases of romantic love represent addictions to one’s partner and thus might be appropriate candidates for medical treatment. In this chapter, I argue for the relatively neglected thesis that some paradigmatic cases of addiction are aptly characterized as emotional attachments to their objects. This has implications for how we should understand the nature of addiction and for the ethics of attachment more broadly.

Children and the provision of informed consent

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyn Fives
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
Moral Claims

When researchers try to recruit children as participants in a scientific study or when physicians recommend a course of medical treatment for children, a question then arises as to who may authorise such activity. May parents make these decisions on behalf of their children? May children make them independently of their parents? Or should such decisions be made jointly? To address these questions, in this chapter I explore the topic of informed consent, and more precisely, how it is that informed consent authorises children’s research participation and medical treatment. I first ask how we should define competence. In this chapter, I will argue that a person is competent to make a decision if she is able to reflect on the alternative courses of action and the likely consequences of each, and also, crucially, she is aware of the plurality of moral values and the possibility for conflict between those values, and reasonable in the face of such conflicting moral claims. We shall also consider voluntariness. In this chapter, I argue that a person acts voluntarily if she wills the action without being under the liberty-infringing influence of another. One issue to examine here is whether and in what ways parents can, through the exercise of their power, help their children become more competent and yet without limiting their children’s voluntariness.

Parents' Perception of Diagnostic Reports and Conferences

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty U. Watson ◽  
Ronald W. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
Speech Learning ◽  
Hearing Problems

The purpose of this study was to evaluate parents' reactions and understanding of diagnostic information from written reports and conferences in a clinic which provides multidisciplinary evaluations for children with speech, learning, language, and hearing problems. Previous studies and anecdotal reports suggested that many parents do not receive appropriate diagnostic information about their children. In the present study questionnaires were mailed to parents who had received reports of evaluations and most of whom had attended hour-long conferences covering the findings. Questionnaires were also sent to professionals who had received reports. Fifty-seven percent of the parents, and 63% of the professionals returned the questionnaires. Ninety percent of the parents indicated that they had understood the results as they were presented in the conference. Ninety-three percent of the professionals and 89% of the parents stated they understood the conclusions of the written reports .Further, 83% of the parents and 80% of the professionals reported that the findings had made a change in the child's educational or medical treatment. The percentage of parents who reported understanding the findings was greater than expected. The specific informing techniques used in this study are discussed.

Gastric Band Bypass Beats Medical Treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Jane Salodof MACNeil
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Gastric Band

Current evidence and prospects for medical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms

VASA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diehm ◽  
Schmidli ◽  
Dai-Do ◽  
Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Risk Of Rupture

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal condition with risk of rupture increasing as maximum AAA diameter increases. It is agreed upon that open surgical or endovascular treatment is indicated if maximum AAA diameter exceeds 5 to 5.5cm. Continuing aneurysmal degeneration of aortoiliac arteries accounts for significant morbidity, especially in patients undergoing endovascular AAA repair. Purpose of this review is to give an overview of the current evidence of medical treatment of AAA and describe prospects of potential pharmacological approaches towards prevention of aneurysmal degeneration of small AAAs and to highlight possible adjunctive medical treatment approaches after open surgical or endovascular AAA therapy.

Comparison of one-year prognosis of patients classified as chronic critical lower limb ischaemia according to TASC II or European consensus definition in the COPART cohort

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 0220-0228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Vircoulon ◽  
Carine Boulon ◽  
Ileana Desormais ◽  
Philippe Lacroix ◽  
Victor Aboyans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Critical Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Limb Ischaemia ◽  
Medical Group ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B

Background: We compared one-year amputation and survival rates in patients fulfilling 1991 European consensus critical limb ischaemia (CLI) definition to those clas, sified as CLI by TASC II but not European consensus (EC) definition. Patients and methods: Patients were selected from the COPART cohort of hospitalized patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease suffering from lower extremity rest pain or ulcer and who completed one-year follow-up. Ankle and toe systolic pressures and transcutaneous oxygen pressure were measured. The patients were classified into two groups: those who could benefit from revascularization and those who could not (medical group). Within these groups, patients were separated into those who had CLI according to the European consensus definition (EC + TASC II: group A if revascularization, group C if medical treatment) and those who had no CLI by the European definition but who had CLI according to the TASC II definition (TASC: group B if revascularization and D if medical treatment). Results: 471 patients were included in the study (236 in the surgical group, 235 in the medical group). There was no difference according to the CLI definition for survival or cardiovascular event-free survival. However, major amputations were more frequent in group A than in group B (25 vs 12 %, p = 0.046) and in group C than in group D (38 vs 20 %, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Major amputation is twice as frequent in patients with CLI according to the historical European consensus definition than in those classified to the TASC II definition but not the EC. Caution is required when comparing results of recent series to historical controls. The TASC II definition of CLI is too wide to compare patients from clinical trials so we suggest separating these patients into two different stages: permanent (TASC II but not EC definition) and critical ischaemia (TASC II and EC definition).

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