Trends, data, and dimensions of international student mobility and recruitment in Latin America and the Caribbean; the Middle East and North Africa; and sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-280
Author(s):  
Hans de Wit ◽  
Nico Jooste
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
International Student Mobility ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals 1393. Loss to Follow-up Rate in the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis by Region of Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S781-S782
Author(s):  
Hikari Yoshii ◽  
Charles Bark
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Adherence in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is closely related to reactivation and infection control in the population. However, there has been little research on which populations are at higher risk of loss to follow-up. The aim of this study is to investigate how the adherence of LTBI patients in the United States (US) differs by region of origin. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted from 2001 to 2020. LTBI patients were identified from the Cuyahoga County Tuberculosis Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio. Only patients who were informed of the diagnosis of LTBI were included. Patients were discharged from the Tuberculosis outpatient clinic upon completion of treatment or when the physician decided to discontinue treatment. We defined loss to follow-up as a case where LTBI was diagnosed but the patient was not formally discharged. Patients whose treatment was interrupted due to side effects were not considered loss to follow-up. Odds ratios were calculated using a multivariable regression model with patients from North America as the reference group. Results Of 4018 LTBI patients, 1171 (28.7%) were lost to follow-up, of which 950/2314 (41.0%) were from North America. Compared with LTBI patients from North America, significantly lower loss to follow-up rates were observed for those from Middle East and North Africa 30/170 (17.7% OR 0.52, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.31-0.89), South Asia 60/692 (8.7% OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21-0.78), and Sub-Saharan Africa 69/526 (13.1% OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.36). Conclusion The analysis showed that a high loss to follow-up rate was observed in the patient groups from North America, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America & the Caribbean. LTBI patients from North America had a significantly higher loss to follow-up rate than those from Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Further research is needed to determine how to intervene in the poorly adherent patient population, such as LTBI patients from North America, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America & the Caribbean. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals The Regional Impacts of the Asian Crisis on Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Halil Dincer Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Regional Impacts ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan

AbstractIn this study, we examine the regional impacts of the 1997 Asian Crisis on Governance. We use World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators (i.e. WGI) which includes six dimensions of governance. These six dimensions are “Voice and Accountability”, “Political Stability and Absence of Violence”, “Government Effectiveness”, “Regulatory Quality”, “Rule of Law”, and “Control of Corruption”. The seven regions that we examine are North America, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Middle East and North Africa. Our findings show that, due to the crisis, while the overall rankings of Latin America and Caribbean, and Sub-Saharan Africa improved, the overall rankings of Europe and Central Asia, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, and Middle East and North Africa declined. There was no change in the ranking of North America due to the crisis. Both pre- and post-crisis, North America has the highest ranking in all six measures of governance.

The Slave Trade: The Formal Demography of a Global System

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Manning
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Middle Passage ◽  
Global System ◽  
Plantation Life ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Additional Losses

If the best-known aspects of African slavery remain the horrors of the middle passage and the travail of plantation life in the Americas, recent work has nonetheless provided some important reminders of the Old World ramifications of slavery (Miller 1988; Meillassoux 1986; Miers and Roberts 1988; Manning in press-a). Millions of slaves were sent from sub-Saharan Africa to serve in households and plantations in North Africa and the Middle East and suffered heavy casualties on their difficult journey. Millions more, captured in the same net as those sent abroad, were condemned to slavery on the African continent. The mortality of captives in Africa, therefore, included not only losses among those headed for export at the Atlantic coast but the additional losses among those destined for export to the Orient and among those captured and transported to serve African masters.

Sultanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan

To facilitate a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the concept of sultanism, this chapter provides a detailed theoretical and empirical literature review. Firstly, it considers the oriental origins of the concept, as applied by Max Weber and others to the Ottoman Empire and a number of South Asian examples. Secondly, it traces the emergence of ‘contemporary sultanism’, as applied by scholars to Latin American regimes from the mid-twentieth century and onwards. Thirdly, it explores the more recent concept of neo-sultanism and the development of a distinct international empirical category of autocratic-authoritarianism which includes: various Latin America regimes; some of the former communist republics of central Asia and Eastern Europe; and a number of regimes in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. Finally, it assesses the need to address the scholarly deficit in applying contemporary sultanism or neo-sultanism to the Middle East, and suggests that the present-day Saudi And UAE regimes may be strong examples.

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