Symmetric Encryption

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Stream Cipher ◽  
Block Cipher ◽  
Block Ciphers ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Symmetric Encryption ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Data Encryption Standard ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

In this chapter, we focus on symmetric encryption. We begin by identifying two different types of symmetric encryption algorithm, namely, stream and block ciphers. We discuss the basic idea behind a stream cipher and consider their properties and applications. We then introduce block ciphers. We focus on two extremely important and influential block cipher algorithms, the Data Encryption Standard and the Advanced Encryption Standard, discussing the history of their development as well as their basic design. We then introduce the modes of operation of a block cipher, explaining why different modes have been proposed. We examine in detail four of the most well-established modes of operation and their core properties, as well as classifying other modes of operation.

Symmetric Encryption Algorithm Inspired by Randomness and Non-Linearity of Immune Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suriyani Ariffin ◽  
Ramlan Mahmod ◽  
Azmi Jaafar ◽  
Muhammad Rezal Kamel Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Symmetric Encryption ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Core Components ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Confusion And Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Properties

In data encryption, the security of the algorithm is measured based on Shannon’s confusion and diffusion properties. This paper identifies the correspondences and highlights the essential computation elements on the basis of randomness and non-linearity of immune systems. These systems can be applied in symmetric encryption algorithm that satisfies the properties in designing a new symmetric encryption block cipher. The proposed symmetric encryption block cipher called the 3D-AES uses components of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) symmetric encryption block cipher and the new core components based on immune systems approaches. To ensure adequate high security of the systems in the world of information technology, the laboratory experiment results are presented and analyzed. They show that the randomness and non-linearity of the output in the 3D-AES symmetric encryption block cipher are comparable to the AES symmetric encryption block cipher.

scholarly journals A true Random-Number Encryption Method employing block cipher and PRNG

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Li Huang ◽  
Fang-Yie Leu ◽  
Jian-Hong Chen ◽  
Chu Cheng-Chung
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Data Encryption Standard ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Encryption Method

In January 1999, distributed.net collaborated with the Electronic Frontier Foundation to break a DES (i.e., Data Encryption Standard) key, spending 22 hours and 15 minutes, and implying that the DES is no longer a secure encryption method. In this paper, we propose a more secure one, called the True Random Number Encryption Method (TRNEM for short), which employs current time, true random numbers and system security codes as parameters of the encryption process to increase the security level of a system. The same plaintext file encrypted by the TRNEM at different time points generates different ciphertext files. So these files are difficult to be cracked. We also analyze the security of the DES, AES (i.e., Advanced Encryption Standard) and TRNEM, and explain why the TRNEM can effectively defend some specific attacks, and why it is safer than the DES and AES.

scholarly journals Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipher

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3385-3392
Author(s):  
Magdalena A. Ineke Pekereng ◽  
Alz Danny Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Diffusion Effect ◽  
Data Encryption Standard ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Retrieval Scheme ◽  
Standard Information ◽  
Better Than

The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.

Cryptanalytic Attacks on IDEA Block Cipher

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar Sahu ◽  
Vikas Jadhav ◽  
Shefali Sonavane ◽  
R.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Data Encryption Standard ◽  
Financial Application ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
International Data ◽  
Key Block ◽  
Symmetric Key

International data encryption algorithm (IDEA) is a secret key or symmetric key block cipher. The purpose of IDEA was to replace data encryption standard (DES) cipher, which became practically insecure due to its small key size of 56 bits and increase in computational power of systems. IDEA cipher mainly to provide data confidentiality in variety of applications such as commercial and financial application e.g. pretty good privacy (PGP) protocol. Till 2015, no successful linear or algebraic weaknesses IDEA of have been reported. In this paper, author explained IDEA cipher, its application in PGP and did a systematic survey of various attacks attempted on IDEA cipher. The best cryptanalysis result which applied to all keys could break IDEA up to 6 rounds out of 8.5 rounds of the full IDEA cipher1. But the attack requires 264 known plaintexts and 2126.8 operations for reduced round version. This attack is practically not feasible due to above mention mammoth data and time requirements. So IDEA cipher is still completely secure for practical usage. PGP v2.0 uses IDEA cipher in place of BassOmatic which was found to be insecure for providing data confidentiality.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF CRYPTOGRAPHY WITH DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES) ALGORITHM IN PICTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Angga Aditya Permana ◽  
Desi Nurnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Symmetric Cryptography ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Data Encryption Standard ◽  
The Third ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
The One

Cryptography is the science of maintaining data confidentiality, where the original text (plaintext) is encrypted using an encryption key to be ciphertext (text that has been encrypted). In this case cryptography secures data from a third party so that the third party cannot know the original contents of the data because the one who holds the key for encryption and decryption is only the sender and receiver. There are several cryptographic methods that are commonly used, one of which is DES or Data Encryption Standard. DES is included in the key-symmetric cryptography and is classified as a block cipher type

scholarly journals Comparison of AES and DES Algorithms Implemented on Virtex-6 FPGA and Microblaze Soft Core Processor

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3544
Author(s):  
G. Renuka ◽  
V. Usha Shree ◽  
P. Chandra Sekhar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Soft Core ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Description Language ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Data Encryption Standard ◽  
Software Implementations ◽  
Hardware Description ◽  
Encryption Algorithms

Encryption algorithms play a dominant role in preventing unauthorized access to important data. This paper focus on the implementations of Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithms on Microblaze soft core Processor and also their implementations on XC6VLX240t FPGA using Verilog Hardware Description language. This paper also gives a comparison of the issues related to the hardware and software implementations of the two cryptographic algorithms.

scholarly journals Implementasi Algoritma Data Encryption Standard Pada Penyandian Record Database

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Neti Rusri Yanti ◽  
Alimah Alimah ◽  
Desi Afrida Ritonga
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Data Encryption Standard ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
Secure Data ◽  
Cryptographic System

Record databases are generally still often displayed in text form as information for users, so it can facilitate cryptanalyst to access and provide opportunities to do the leak, distribute or modify the database records. One of the cryptographic algorithms used to secure data is using the DES algorithm to encrypt the data to be stored or sent. The DES algorithm belongs to a cryptographic system of symmetry and is a type of block cipher. DES operates on a 64-bit block size. DES describes 64 bits of plaintext to 64 bits of ciphertext using 56 bits of internal key (internal key) or up-key (subkey). The internal key is generated from an external key 64-bit length. This research describes the process of securing database records by encrypting it based on DES algorithm, resulting in text record databases in the form of passwords that are difficult to understand and understand by others. This is done in an attempt to minimize the misuse of database records.

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