The Greco- and Dalmato-Venetian Intellectuals after the End of the Serenissima

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
Konstantina Zanou
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ionian Islands

Chapter 11 encounters the endeavours of a group of Ionian and Dalmatian intellectuals who were enfolded in the decrepit embrace of the Greek community of Venice during the first half of the nineteenth century—namely, Spiridione Vlandi, Giovanni and Spiridione Veludo, Bartolomeo Cutlumusiano, Antimo Masarachi, Pier-Alessandro Paravia, Niccolò Tommaseo, and Emilio Tipaldo. It examines these men’s bicultural existence and multiple patriotisms, spanning as they did Venice, the Ionian Islands or Dalmatia, Italy, and Greece. Most of these people were actively involved in the 1848 Venetian revolution, a fact that shows just how local and regional, as well as transnational, the various patriotisms engendered by the 1848–9 revolutionary events were. However, the chapter shows that these revolutions also marked the point at which nationalism and transnationalism would start to become incompatible and even to emerge as contrary poles.

scholarly journals European Officers and the Mainland Irregular Forces on the Ionian Islands, 1798–1814: A Comparison of Command and Tactics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-142
Author(s):  
Nicholas Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ionian Islands ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Irregular Forces ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Successes And Failures

In the era of the Napoleonic wars, the Ionian Islands off the western coasts of Greece and southern Albania became a base of operations and an area of conflict in the Mediterranean in the years 1797–1814. In that period, Republican French, Russian, Imperial French, and British forces successively occupied these Greek-populated islands, formerly Venetian possessions. Each of these powers attempted to establish a nominally independent "Septinsular Republic" under their protectorate. There were efforts by all of these powers to organize native armed forces, some raised from among refugees from the mainland-bandits (klephtes), former Ottoman irregulars (armatoloi), and clansmen from the autonomous regions of Himara, Souli, and Mani. Although these refugee warriors were skilled in the use of weapons-flintlock firearms, sabres and yataghans-they fought and were organized according to traditions and methods that were different and considered "obsolete" in early nineteenth century Europe. This study will look into the organization, training and command of these troops by Russian, French, and British officers. It will study the successes and failures of these officers in forming these native warriors into regular or semi-regular forces. It will also examine how the attitudes and activities of these officers helped to develop the armed forces of the Greek War of Independence, 1821–1830. Keywords: Napoleonic wars, Ionian Islands, armatoloi and klephtes, military forces

Beyond Dualism

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Clémence Boulouque
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
East And West ◽  
Science And Faith

Chapter 11 is devoted to Benamozegh’s presentation of Kabbalah as a vehicle for understanding and achieving religious unity and progress. His use of kabbalistic hermeneutics, predicated on the key concepts of coincidence of opposites, of berur (clarification) and of illuy (elevation), aimed (a) to suspend commonly held binaries such as science and faith, East and West, worldliness and transcendence, and (b) to prove Kabbalah’s affinity with nineteenth-century conceptions of assimilation and of progress.

Revolution

Atlantic Wars ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 252-273
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Plank
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
The Common ◽  
Moral Superiority

Chapter 11 traces the common origins and consequences of revolutions in various regions of the Atlantic world. In Europe and much of the Americas, a new military ethic developed, promoting patriotic and loyal service and condemning mercenaries and foreign interventionists. Campaigners against the transatlantic slave trade sought to dissociate Europeans and Americans from African violence. In the Americas, revolutionary conflict fuelled racial and communal animosity. Revolutionaries and counterrevolutionaries sensed their own moral superiority and showed contempt for their opponents. Anger, fear, and the desire for vengeance fed on each other, in some places leading to genocidal violence. In the early nineteenth century the United States condemned British aid to indigenous American warriors and expressed general opposition to European military intervention in the newly independent American republics. National and imperial policies adopted in the revolutionary era broke the early modern pattern of transatlantic war.

The Invention of Junípero Serra and the “Spanish Craze”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Spanish Colonization ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Junipero Serra

As Richard Kagan shows in Chapter 11, in the latter decades of the nineteenth century, a “Spanish Craze” captured the imagination of boosters and developers from California to Florida. This craze was manifested not only in an embrace of Spanish-like architecture but a growing sense that Spanish colonists and their descendants were somehow integral to the American experience. Serra himself was among the historical figures whose reputation most benefitted from this period’s reappraisal of Spaniards and the wane of the “Black Legend,” the belief that Spanish colonization was uniquely cruel and destructive.

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