Whole-word phonology

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Marilyn May Vihman
Keyword(s):  
Template Matching ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Exemplar Theory ◽  
Whole Word

This chapter provides a historical overview of the ideas underlying ‘whole-word phonology’, from the 1970s to the present. The importance of a prosodic (syntagmatic) analysis is grounded in the ideas of Firth, as adapted to early child language (Waterson, 1971). Other studies have proposed ways in which ideas based on analyses of early child data, such as lexical primacy (Ferguson & Farwell, 1975) or Radical Templatic Phonology (Vihman & Croft, 2007), are relevant for adult as well as child language. Key ideas included in the overview are developmental reorganization (Macken, 1979), template matching and the two-stage model (Menn, 1983), and exemplar theory and usage-based models (Menn et al., 2013). The principles of Dynamic Systems Theory (Thelen & Smith, 1994) are related to early phonological and lexical development.

scholarly journals Distributionally restricted items

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lin ◽  
Fred Weerman ◽  
Hedde Zeijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Learning Pathways ◽  
Indefinite Pronoun

AbstractThis paper explores the learnability of English indefinite any, Dutch modal verb hoeven, and Mandarin Chinese (WH-)indefinite/pronoun shenme. These three expressions, belonging to different syntactic categories in different languages, have been referred to as Negative Polarity Items (NPIs) in the literature, as they are all restricted to contexts that in some sense count as negative although there are differences in the types of semantic environment that may license them. By investigating the distribution of these three expressions in both child and child-directed speech recorded in the CHILDES database (MacWhinney 2009), this paper argues that children in their acquisition of these NPIs employ the same conservative widening learning strategy (Berwick and Weinberg 1986; Manzini and Wexler 1987), which prevents them from overgeneration. A two-stage acquisition process is detected for each of the three NPIs. However, distinct learning pathways are found, which we take as evidence indicating different underlying analyses of these expressions at different stages in child language. Taking into consideration the input characteristics, the distributional patterns of the three expressions in adult grammar, and the children’s lexical development, we hypothesize what the analyses of any, hoeven, and shenme at different acquisition stages look like. This provides us with a different view of the nature, or the reason underlying the restricted distribution of these expressions in adult language.

scholarly journals The use of nouns and verbs by Japanese children and their caregivers in book-reading and toy-playing contexts

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMIKO OGURA ◽  
PHILIP S. DALE ◽  
YUKIE YAMASHITA ◽  
TOSHIKI MURASE ◽  
AKI MAHIEU
Keyword(s):  
Child Language ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Input Language ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Vocabulary Growth ◽  
Caregiver Language ◽  
Stage Properties

Japanese provides a valuable contrast for crosslinguistic studies of noun and verb dominance in early child language, and the effect of input on the early lexicon. In this study, 31 Japanese children between 1;0 and 2;0 and their caregivers were recorded in two contexts: joint bookreading and play with toys. Context had the largest effect, as nouns were much more frequent in the book context. Noun dominance was constant across development in the book context, but in the toy context there was a shift away as children developed from single words through the presyntactic stage to the syntactic stage. Caregiver language was verb dominant in a number of respects across development in the toy context, and thus was not closely related to child lexical balance. We conclude that in early lexical development, all children have a conceptual disposition to learn nouns. With vocabulary growth and the emergence of grammar, the proportion of verbs increases substantially, and at this stage properties of the input language may influence development.

Timing of repeated movements: Test of a two-stage model

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Sternberg ◽  
Teresa Pantzer
Keyword(s):  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage

Nonlinear dynamics of pulsating detonation wave with two-stage chemical kinetics in the shock-attached frame

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslava E. Poroshyna ◽  
Aleksander I. Lopato ◽  
Pavel S. Utkin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Detonation Wave ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Approximation Order ◽  
Transition Regime ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Detonation Wave Propagation

Abstract The paper contributes to the clarification of the mechanism of one-dimensional pulsating detonation wave propagation for the transition regime with two-scale pulsations. For this purpose, a novel numerical algorithm has been developed for the numerical investigation of the gaseous pulsating detonation wave using the two-stage model of kinetics of chemical reactions in the shock-attached frame. The influence of grid resolution, approximation order and the type of rear boundary conditions on the solution has been studied for four main regimes of detonation wave propagation for this model. Comparison of dynamics of pulsations with results of other authors has been carried out.

scholarly journals Correction to: Identifying resting locations of a small elusive forest carnivore using a two-stage model accounting for GPS measurement error and hidden behavioral states

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Hance ◽  
Katie M. Moriarty ◽  
Bruce A. Hollen ◽  
Russell W. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Gps Measurement ◽  
Behavioral States

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Two-stage model for estimating the spatiotemporal distribution of hourly PM1.0 concentrations over central and east China

2019 ◽  
Vol 675 ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Feiyue Mao ◽  
Bin Zou ◽  
Jianping Guo ◽  
Lixin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
East China ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Two Stage
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