managemen system

The four problems that become the main study in this study. First, how to plan early child’s character development through habituation and exemplary in the Kindergarten of Al-Quran Matsaratul Huda Panempan Pamekasan. Second, how to organize the development of early child’s character through habituation and exemplary in the kindergarten of Al-Quran Matsaratul Huda Panempan Pamekasan. Third, how the implementation of early child’s character development through habituation and exemplary in the kindergarten of Al-Quran Matsaratul Huda Panempan Pamekasan. Fourth, how to evaluate the character development of the early child through habituation and examplary in the kindergarten of Al-Quran Matsaratul Huda Panempan Pamekasan. It is a qualitative descriptive study where the data collected through field observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that developing an early child’s character should be well managed. Instilling good habituation for the children and becoming an excellent example of the teachers proved successful in early child’s character development.

Early childhood undernutrition, preadolescent physical growth, and cognitive achievement in India: A population-based cohort study

Background There is a lack of nationally representative estimates for the consequences of early child undernutrition on preadolescent outcomes in India. Understanding this relationship is helpful to develop interventions that not only prevent child undernutrition but also mitigate its consequences. Methods and findings In this cohort study, we analyzed prospectively gathered data from 2 waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) to investigate the association of undernutrition during early childhood (0 to 5 years) in 2004 to 2005 with physical and cognitive outcomes during preadolescent (8 to 11 years) years in 2011 to 2012. These surveys interviewed 41,554 households across all 33 states and union territories in India in 2004 to 2005 and reinterviewed 83% of the households in 2011 to 2012. Primary exposure was assessed using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) based on 2004 to 2005 survey. Primary outcomes were short stature (height-for-age z-score [HAZ] <−2), thinness (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2), reading, and arithmetic skills during preadolescence based on the 2011 to 2012 survey. Survey-weighted generalized linear models were used, and effect modification based on child sex and sociodemographic variables were evaluated using 3-way interaction terms. Of the 7,868 children included in this analysis, 4,334 (57.3%) were undernourished. Being undernourished was associated with increased odds of short stature (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45 to 2.06) and thinness (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.73) during the preadolescent period, while it was associated with decreased odds of achieving a higher reading (cumulative odds ratio [cumOR]: 0.76, 0.66 to 0.87) and arithmetic (cumOR: 0.72, 0.63 to 0.82) outcomes. The disparity in outcomes based on CIAF increased with age, especially for girls. Increased level of female education within the household reduced the disadvantages of undernutrition among female children. Study limitations include observational and missing data, which limit our ability to draw strong causal inferences. Conclusions In this study, we found that early child undernutrition was associated with several adverse preadolescent physical and cognitive outcomes, especially among female children. Improved female education mitigates this association. Female education promotion should assume a central role in Indian public health policy making.

ERICA (Stopping Child Maltreatment through Pan-European Multiprofessional Training Programme: Early Child Protection Work with Families at Risk) Training Programme Design

This paper describes the design and development of the ERICA (Stopping Child Maltreatment through a Pan European Multiprofessional Training Programme: Early Child Protection Work with Families at Risk) training programme. ERICA project was funded by the Rights, Equality and Citizenship Funding programme of the European Commission (European Commission 2019-2021), and has an overarching aim to develop, pilot and evaluate a Europe wide training programme in prevention, assessment, support and referral in relation to child maltreatment. It is a pan-European partnership with collaborators from Finland, England, Scotland, France, Germany, Italy and Poland. ERICA project proposes an integrated strategy to deal with child maltreatment risk and child maltreatment that consists of a multidisciplinary training across services and professional profiles, plus the design and promotion of a community engagement strategy, to build protective factors around families at risk and families suffering from child maltreatment.