The Impact of Migration on Child Labour

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garance Genicot ◽  
Anna Maria Mayda ◽  
Mariapia Mendola
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Impact

This chapter investigates the impact of internal migration on child labour outcomes in Brazil. In our model, migration impacts child labour through changes in the local labour market, which is made up of both adults and children. We exploit variation in the concentration of both skilled and unskilled immigrants at the municipality level and employ an IV strategy that relies on the historical (1980) distribution of immigrants within the country. Our results show that internal migration of a given skill level has a negative impact on corresponding adults’ labour market outcomes. We also find that unskilled (skilled) immigration has a negative (positive) and significant impact on child labour. Finally, unskilled immigration increases children’s school attendance and decreases their likelihood of being idle.

scholarly journals The Long-Run Effects of Attending an Elite School: Evidence from the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Clark ◽  
Emilia Del Bono
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Elite School ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
School Assignment

This paper estimates the impact of elite school attendance on long-run outcomes including completed education, income, and fertility. Our data consist of individuals born in the 1950s and educated in a UK district that assigned students to either elite or non-elite secondary schools. Using instrumental variables methods that exploit the school assignment formula, we find that elite school attendance had large impacts on completed education. Surprisingly, there are no significant effects on most labor market outcomes except for an increase in female income. By contrast, we document a large and significant negative impact on female fertility. (JEL I21, I24, I26, J13, J16, J24, J31)

scholarly journals Migrant Workers in Beijing: How Hometown Ties Affect Economic Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-808
Author(s):  
Menghan Zhao ◽  
Yongai Jin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Migrant Networks ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

Migrant networks have long been regarded as helpful for facilitating migration and assimilation. However, research examining the influence of migrant networks on labour market outcomes for migrants has provided mixed results. This article investigates the impact of hometown ties on migrants’ labour market outcomes in the context of Chinese internal migration, by utilizing data from migrants in Beijing to perform statistical analyses of income and informal employment (i.e. employment without legal documents). After adjusting for the potential bias that results from the workers’ self-selectivity into the use of hometown ties in finding jobs, the analyses show that the hourly income of migrants is lower if they depend on hometown ties to find jobs. Also, migrants who rely on hometown ties for jobs are more likely to be informally employed, which has a detrimental effect on their overall welfare.

scholarly journals The labour market impact of COVID-19 lockdowns: Evidence from Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Schotte ◽  
Michael Danquah ◽  
Robert Darko Osei ◽  
Kunal Sen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we provide causal evidence of the impact of stringent lockdown policies on labour market outcomes at both the extensive and intensive margins, using Ghana as a case study. We take advantage of a specific policy setting, in which strict stay-at-home orders were issued and enforced in two spatially delimited areas, bringing Ghana’s major metropolitan centres to a standstill, while in the rest of the country less stringent regulations were in place. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that the three-week lockdown had a large and significant immediate negative impact on employment in the treated districts, particularly among workers in informal self-employment. While the gap in employment between the treated and control districts had narrowed four months after the lockdown was lifted, we detect a persistent nationwide impact on labour market outcomes, jeopardizing particularly the livelihoods of small business owners mainly operating in the informal economy.

scholarly journals Influences of transition in age-education structure and internal migration on the labour market in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Eduardo L G Rios-Neto ◽  
Joseph E Potter
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Title in Portuguese: Influências de transição da estrutura de idade-educação e migração interna no mercado de trabalho no BrasilAbstract: This study develops a methodology that incorporates internal migration dynamics into models that estimate the impact of demographic and education transitions on the age-education earnings profiles of Brazilian workers over time. Techniques to estimate the level and pattern of migration were integrated. Findings follow initial hypothesis, and indicate that the negative impact of cohort size on earnings is even more negative than estimates that did not take into account population flows. These methodological strategies can be applied to further studies when new data become available, as well as to other countries with the availability of migration data.Resumo: Este estudo desenvolve uma metodologia que incorpora a dinâmica de migração interna em modelos que estimam o impacto da transição demográfica e educação sobre os perfis de idade-educação ganhos dos trabalhadores brasileiros ao longo do tempo. Técnicas para estimar o nível e o padrão de migração foram integrados. Conclusões seguem hipótese inicial, e indicam que o impacto negativo do tamanho da coorte sobre os ganhos é ainda mais negativo do que as estimativas que não levam em conta os fluxos populacionais. Estas estratégias metodológicas podem ser aplicadas a outros estudos quando novos dados se tornam disponíveis, assim como a outros países com a disponibilidade de dados de migração.

Labour Market Returns to Graduates’ International Experience: Exploring Cross-Country Variation in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita Jacob ◽  
Michael Kühhirt ◽  
Margarida Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Studying Abroad ◽  
Early Labour ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Graduate Unemployment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe potential benefits of increased international experience abound, ranging from enriching cultural understanding to an improvement of language skills and intercultural competence. At the same time, empirical evidence is mixed, particularly with regards to how well international experience translates into individual returns on the labour market. This article examines the association between studying abroad and early labour market outcomes in a comparative perspective aiming to shed light on why labour market returns differ across countries. We expect labour market returns to vary with specific country characteristics such as demand for international experience and competition among graduates at labour market entry. In our empirical analyses, we use data from 13 European countries that provide information on graduates’ early labour market outcomes. We find a large variation in the impact of studying abroad on both wages and attaining a higher service class position. Generally, the labour market returns to international experience are larger in countries in Eastern and Southern Europe with poorer university quality, higher graduate unemployment, and fewer students abroad.

BODY MASS INDEX AND SELF-EMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH KOREA

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euna Han ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis study assesses differential labour performance by body mass index (BMI), focusing on heterogeneity across three distinct employment statuses: unemployed, self-employed and salaried. Data were drawn from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study. The final sample included 15,180 person-year observations (9645 men and 5535 women) between 20 and 65 years of age. The findings show that (i) overweight/obese women are less likely to have salaried jobs than underweight/normal weight women, whereas overweight/obese men are more likely to be employed in both the salaried and self-employed sectors than underweight/normal men, (ii) overweight/obese women have lower wages only in permanent salaried jobs than underweight/normal weight women, whereas overweight/obese men earn higher wages only in salaried temporary jobs than underweight/normal weight women, (iii) overweight/obese women earn lower wages only in service, sales, semi-professional and blue-collar jobs in the salaried sector than underweight/normal weight women, whereas overweight/obese men have lower wages only in sales jobs in the self-employed sector than underweight/normal weight women. The statistically significant BMI penalty in labour market outcomes, which occurs only in the salaried sector for women, implies that there is an employers’ distaste for workers with a high BMI status and that it is a plausible mechanism for job market penalty related to BMI status. Thus, heterogeneous job characteristics across and within salaried versus self-employed sectors need to be accounted for when assessing the impact of BMI status on labour market outcomes.

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