Harmony as licensing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry van der Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Explicit Theory ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter develops an explicit theory of vowel harmony based on unary elements and lateral and positional licensing which is embedded in a general dependency-based theory of phonological structure (called ‘Radical CV Phonology’). Harmony is analyzed in terms of a licensing requirement, which results in ‘agreement’, both intra-morphemically and inter-morphemically, that is, within the domain of the word In essence, the view put forward is that lexical vowel harmony involves the selection of lexically listed allomorphs. Licensing will be the selection mechanism for the proper allomorph. The chapter discusses the treatment of morpheme-internal harmony, trigger and targets in harmony, and the notion of cyclicity.

scholarly journals Acceleration in the bilingual acquisition of phonological structure: Evidence from Polish–English bilingual children

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCO TAMBURELLI ◽  
EIRINI SANOUDAKI ◽  
GARY JONES ◽  
MICHELLE SOWINSKA
Keyword(s):  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Phonological Complexity ◽  
Repetition Task ◽  
Selection Of

This study examines the production of consonant clusters in simultaneous Polish–English bilingual children and in language-matched English monolinguals (aged 7;01–8;11). Selection of the language pair was based on the fact that Polish allows a greater range of consonant clusters than English. A nonword repetition task was devised in order to examine clusters of different types (obstruent-liquid vs. s + obstruent) and in different word positions (initial vs. medial), two factors that play a significant role in repetition accuracy in monolingual acquisition (e.g., Kirk & Demuth, 2005). Our findings show that bilingual children outperformed monolingual controls in the word initial s + obstruent condition. These results indicate that exposure to complex word initial clusters (in Polish) can accelerate the development of less phonologically complex clusters (in English). This constitutes significant new evidence that the facilitatory effects of bilingual acquisition extend to structural phonological domains. The implications that these results have on competing views of phonological organisation and phonological complexity are also discussed.

scholarly journals Why, sometimes, primaries? Intraparty democratization as a default selection mechanism in German and Spanish mainstream parties

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Astudillo ◽  
Klaus Detterbeck
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Leadership Selection ◽  
Limited Knowledge ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
Selection Of

In many Western democracies, political parties have started to open to members the selection of their leaders. While most studies focus on the introduction of this new selection method, its subsequent practice is still understudied. The article contributes to our still limited knowledge of this process by looking at two multilevel countries, Germany and Spain, where the mainstream parties have sometimes organized membership ballots, especially at the regional level, for leadership selection. Thanks to two original databases on party conferences and membership ballots, the article analyzes the background of this process and reviews the most common explanations offered by the literature. It shows that they are not held when parties want to regain power, or party chairs seek their nomination, as commonly believed, but when there are intraparty leadership disputes.

Uralic Languages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abondolo
Keyword(s):  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Relative Complement ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
Phonological Reconstruction ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Person Marking

All but three of the thirty-nine Uralic languages are endangered, most of them seriously so; of the family’s ten main branches, only two have members considered safe (Finnish and Estonian of the Fennic branch, plus Hungarian). This chapter surveys a selection of phonological, morphological, and syntactic features of the Uralic languages; the emphasis is on presenting aspects that are usually ignored, oversimplified, or misrepresented. Among the topics broached are vowel harmony; consonant gradation, which in the Uralic context is of four distinct kinds, three of them quite old; less-than-agglutinative (i.e. fairly fusional features of several languages); problems of phonological reconstruction; the inflection of personal pronouns; person marking on nouns and Subject, Agent, and Object marking on verbs; and kinds of relative, complement, and support clauses.

scholarly journals Solution selection of axisymmetric Taylor bubbles

2018 ◽  
Vol 843 ◽  
pp. 518-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Doak ◽  
J.-M. Vanden-Broeck
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Numerical Scheme ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Taylor Bubble ◽  
Solution Selection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Taylor Bubbles

A finite difference scheme is proposed to solve the problem of axisymmetric Taylor bubbles rising at a constant velocity in a tube. A method to remove singularities from the numerical scheme is presented, allowing accurate computation of the bubbles with the inclusion of both gravity and surface tension. This paper confirms the long-held belief that the solution space of the axisymmetric Taylor bubble for small surface tension is qualitatively similar to that of the plane Taylor bubble. Furthermore, evidence suggesting that the solution selection mechanism associated with plane bubbles also occurs in the axisymmetric case is presented.

scholarly journals Mode selection mechanism in traveling and standing waves revealed by Min wave reconstituted in artificial cells

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakura Takada ◽  
Natsuhiko Yoshinaga ◽  
Nobuhide Doi ◽  
Kei Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Mode Selection ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Wave Mode ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Pattern Formations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Wave Modes

Reaction-diffusion coupling (RDc) generates spatiotemporal patterns, including two dynamic wave modes: traveling and standing waves. Although mode selection plays a significant role in the spatiotemporal organization of living cell molecules, the mechanism for selecting each wave mode remains elusive. Here, we investigated a wave mode selection mechanism using Min waves reconstituted in artificial cells, emerged by the RDc of MinD and MinE. Our experiments and theoretical analysis revealed that the balance of membrane binding and dissociation from the membrane of MinD determines the mode selection of the Min wave. We successfully demonstrated that the transition of the wave modes can be regulated by controlling this balance and found hysteresis characteristics in the wave mode transition. These findings highlight a novel role of the balance between activators and inhibitors as a determinant of the mode selection of waves by RDc and depict a novel mechanism in intracellular spatiotemporal pattern formations.

Improved GPSR Algorithm Based on the Last Hop Node Selection Mechanism of the Destination Node

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 3054-3057
Author(s):  
Rui Hong Dong ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Chang Sheng Zhu ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Node Selection ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Node Location ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the location of the routing protocol because it avoids the shortcomings of flooding mechanisms and has a good scalability, become research focus in frequent changes network topology VANET .GPSR based on node location only for data forwarding, so it is important to vehicle node location information is accurate, directly affect the normal data forwarding. For GPSR algorithm the destination node location inaccuracy problem, this paper introduces the concept of expectation domain to estimate the location of the destination node movement range, and the last hop neighbor node selection of the destination node to join discriminant mechanism. The simulation experimental results show that the improved GPSR protocol has a higher packet delivery rate.

scholarly journals COST ESTIMATES FOR THE ELIMINATION OF LOSSES IN THE NAVIGATION OR FISHING ACCIDENT

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Mikhail Mikhailovich Eremin ◽  
Igor Aleksandrovich Kuleznev ◽  
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Menshikov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Probability Vector ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Risk Variant ◽  
Effective Assessment ◽  
Marine Navigation ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Selection Of

It is alleged that there is quite an impressive array of uncertainties, diluting the parameters of the mathematical model of risk adopted in the marine navigation, the registration of which is essential for effective assessment and appropriate interpretation of risk. The selection mechanism of the value of consequence severity when implementing unwanted navigation event, which makes the probability tending to one, find the value of the navigation risk as the parameter corresponding to the danger emerging in the navigation or navigation and fishing situation. The recommended algorithms that are based on the adopted formal dependence allow carrying out a randomized selection of risk variant with conditional probability and reshaping probability vector of such a choice on the basis of the received information on possible costs to eliminate the consequences of the navigation accident.

Asymmetries in Vowel Harmony

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry van der Hulst
Keyword(s):  
Root Systems ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
Turkic Languages

This book deals with the phenomenon of vowel harmony, a phonological process whereby all the vowels in a word are required to share a specific phonological property, such as front or back articulation. Vowel harmony occurs in the majority of languages of the world, though only in very few European languages, and has been a central concern in phonological theory for many years. In this volume, Harry van der Hulst puts forward a new theory of vowel harmony, which accounts for the patterns of and exceptions to this phenomenon in the widest range of languages ever considered. The book begins with an overview of the general causes of asymmetries in vowel harmony systems. The two following chapters provide a detailed account of a new theory of vowel harmony based on unary elements and licensing, which is embedded in a general dependency-based theory of phonological structure. In the remaining chapters, this theory is applied to a variety of vowel harmony phenomena from typologically diverse languages, including palatal harmony in languages such as Finnish and Hungarian, labial harmony in Turkic languages, and tongue root systems in Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Tungusic languages.

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