Reform and Rescue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Market Organization ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Independent Decision

Describing the transition to a market economy in the 1990s and recovery from the financial crisis after 2008 in the Baltic states, particularly in Latvia, we explore the various roles that international organizations (IOs) can assume in order to influence market organization. IOs see states as independent decision makers in control of markets through organization. Paradoxically, however, the practice of IOs and the advice they offer undermine the independent decisions of states, because states are expected to reform in accordance with the IOs’ ideas—ideas that further build on decontextualized notions that may not fit the situation of individual states. Recovering from crises, the Baltic states succeeded in regaining control over markets by not conforming to IO ideas.

scholarly journals Re-interpretation of the Nationalism-Economy Nexus: Nation-State Building via Neoliberal Reforms During Post-Socialist Transformations in the Baltic States

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolis Dambrauskas
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
State Building ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
State And Market ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Soviet Experience

Building on the latest scholarship in the nationalism-economy nexus studies, the article examines how nationalism inhabits other ideologies in the economic realm. Firstly, the article presents the latest strands in the nationalism-economy nexus research, namely compatibility between economy and nationalism understood as ideology. Then, using Foucault’s concept of governmentality, the article shows how the two phenomena are compatible on the theoretical level. Going further, the article connects the latest nationalism-economy nexus scholarship with existing literature on national neoliberalism in the post-socialist Baltic states. The article argues that national neoliberalism in the Baltics provides an example of what the compatibility of nationalism and economy may look like in practice. The Baltic states’ Soviet experience encouraged their elites to undertake radical neoliberal reforms, in which the processes of nation-state and market economy building overlapped. The states were built to create the markets which would in turn guarantee the prosperity of their respective nations. The article juxtaposes different, yet related scholarships and provides a basic theoretical toolkit that could facilitate potential inquiries into the nationalism-economy nexus in Lithuania and abroad.

Survival against the Odds: The Baltic States at 100

Slavic Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-647
Author(s):  
Andres Kasekamp
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
State Building ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
The Baltic

This essay examines how Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have managed to secure their independence and analyzes how they have dealt with the internal and external challenges to their state-building efforts. It compares the first period of statehood between the two world wars with the current period of independence beginning with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Among the critical external tasks they have faced were deterring former imperial powers, fostering regional cooperation and gaining a voice in international organizations. Internally, consolidating democratic systems and integration of ethnic minorities have been the two most significant challenges.

scholarly journals «Authoritarian Transition of Peripheral Countries of Interwar Europe: Politological Analysis»

2009 ◽  
pp. 188-199
Author(s):  
E. G. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
East Europe ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
Interwar Europe ◽  
The Baltic

The author ponders on the causes of the crisis of democraticmodels in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and the Baltic states. Having analysed a complex of factors, she comes to the conclusion that the authoritarian transition of European peripheral countries in the interwar period (1918—1939) was appropriate. While all authoritarian regimes of the period in the region under study were characterized by three foundations of authoritarianism– Fuhrerprinzip, ideas of constructing nationstate and nationalism, specific traits allow to distinguish between three clusters of authoritarian regimes in the interwar Europe: military-bureaucratic, corporate (guild) and pre-totalitarian (fascist mobilization) ones. However, the main conclusion is: the complex economic, political and socio-cultural situation in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and the Baltic states aggravated by the consequences of globalization and world financial crisis is able to provoke recurrences of authoritarian transition.

scholarly journals The determinants of bank efficiency in Central Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 656-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Djalilov ◽  
Jenifer Piesse
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Profit Efficiency ◽  
Bank Efficiency ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
The Baltic

This paper examines progress in the transition to a market economy of the banking sector of Central Asia (CA), a region that was late to take on reform and which has largely been ignored in the literature. A comparison to other previous Soviet Republics shows that the banks in the Baltic States have higher profit efficiency compared to those in CA. The results also suggest that state owned banks are less profit efficient than private banks although foreign ownership is not a factor in efficiency levels of banks in Central Asia

scholarly journals IT2 Hybrid Decision-Making Approach to Performance Measurement of Internationalized Firms in the Baltic States

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Dinçer ◽  
Serhat Yüksel ◽  
Renata Korsakienė ◽  
Agota Giedrė Raišienė ◽  
Yuriy Bilan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Decision Making Model

International activities of firms contribute to environmental socio-economic development and have a positive influence on prosperity of countries. The novelty of this study is to extend prevailing theory on the performance measurement of internationalized firms by suggesting a hybrid decision-making model based on interval type 2 fuzzy sets for the Baltic states. The integrated method is defined as the interval type-2 (IT2) decision making trial and evaluation laboratory qualitative flexible multiple criteria method (DEMATEL-QUALIFLEX). IT2 DEMATEL is used for weighting each criterion of internationalized firms and IT2 QUALIFLEX is applied for ranking the Baltic states, respectively. Within this context, six different criteria are defined for ranking the internationalized firms of the Baltic states. The ranking of all three countries enable us to conclude that Estonia demonstrates the best results of internationalized firms. Meanwhile, Latvia has the worst performance of internationalized firms. The findings are useful for decision makers responsible for supportive policies focused on the research and development (R&D) and internationalization of firms. The implications for managers lie in the awareness of necessary conditions for successful internationalization. The study extends prevailing knowledge on the performance measurement of internationalized firms and provides findings on multinational companies (MNCs) in the Baltic states’ context.

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