Dependence on Extractive Industries in Lower-income Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Roe ◽  
Samantha Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Current Dependence ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This chapter synthesizes statistical information evidencing the proposition that extractive industries are of great significance in many low- and middle-income developing economies, and so to their development prospects. It examines the scale of the current dependence of low- and middle-income economies on both types of extractive resources: metals, and oil and gas. The chapter also assesses how country levels of dependence have changed in the past twenty years, showing that there has been a clear upward trend based on exports. The chapter outlines how the upward trend has continued in many countries despite the recent commodity price collapse, and assesses some of the consequences of that collapse.

scholarly journals Troika of Trade Openness, Poverty and Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Lower and Middle Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
Rashid Sattar ◽  
Rana Ejaz Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Lower Income Countries

The current study investigates the relationship among trade openness, poverty and income inequality in the developing economies classified as lower and middle income countries. Kao and Fisher cointegration tests are employed to see the long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Panel cointegration regression is employed to calculate the magnitude of variables through FMOLS and DOLS techniques. The results demonstrate that interaction of these three variables differ for income groups of countries, however, trade openness and poverty increase income inequality in both groups. Similarly, income inequality decreases trade openness in both lower income and middle income groups of the economies. Trade openness increases poverty in lower income countries only. Poverty increases income inequality in lower income countries but in middle income countries it decreases trade openness. In the control variables the financial development has shown encouraging effect on trade openness in lower and middle income countries. GDP growth has shown positive impact on income inequality in lower income countries but negative impact in middle income countries. As trade openness has discoursing effect so the economies should carefully deal with the implications through proper policy framework.

The Effect of Economic Development on Women’s Well-Being in the Developing Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-421
Author(s):  
Azmat Gani ◽  
Alia Al-Fori
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract This study aims to investigate the effect of economic development, measured by per capita incomes, on women’s well-being by relating a country’s per capita GDP with several dimensions that affect women’s affluence and well-being within the economic, social, and political context. The analysis is based on the theoretical framework of the modernisation-neoclassical approach. Regression analysis is conducted on data from a sample of the countries in the low- and middle-income category to determine the effect of economic development on several indicators of women’s well-being. The results provide strong evidence that economic growth was associated with improvements in some economic and social indicators of women’s well-being in low- and middle-income countries. However, the results do not reveal any strong association between economic development and women’s political participation. Some policy implications are drawn.

scholarly journals The Rise of Middle Kingdoms: Emerging Economies in Global Trade

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon H Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
China And India ◽  
Export Specialization ◽  
Low And Middle Income

In this paper, I examine changes in international trade associated with the integration of low- and middle-income countries into the global economy. Led by China and India, the share of developing economies in global exports more than doubled between 1994 and 2008. One feature of new trade patterns is greater South-South trade. China and India have booming demand for imported raw materials, which they use to build cities and factories. Industrialization throughout the South has deepened global production networks, contributing to greater trade in intermediate inputs. A second feature of new trade patterns is the return of comparative advantage as a driver of global commerce. Growth in low- and middle-income nations makes specialization according to comparative advantage more important for the global composition of trade, as North-South and South-South commerce overtakes North-North flows. China's export specialization evolves rapidly over time, revealing a capacity to speed up product ladders. Most developing countries hyper-specialize in a handful of export products. The emergence of low- and middle-income countries in trade reveals significant gaps in knowledge about the deep empirical determinants of export specialization, the dynamics of specialization patterns, and why South-South and North-North trade differ.

Some Conditions for Task Shifting in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Jong ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Robert Macy ◽  
Aline & Herman Ndayisaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Shifting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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