Governance
This chapter finds that governance is necessarily complex in high participation systems (HPS) of higher education and discusses actual governance arrangements. Extensive social entanglement de-activates the boundaries that separate higher education from other social relations. Assuming these conditions hold for all HPS, three prepositions are advanced. The first posits that HPS are governed through complex, multi-level coordination and accountability processes. The second claims that governance involves the management of institutional differentiation. The third predicts that higher education intuitions develop robust corporate capacities to manage the more complex demands to which they are subjected. Although common conditions, as expressed through the propositions, are assumed to hold across all HPS, the chapter recognizes that no two systems of higher education have the same governance arraignments, and considers various national contingencies.