Aratus

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-84
Author(s):  
Caroline Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Commentary Tradition

This chapter considers the importance of Cicero’s Aratea, a translation of Aratus’ Phaenomena, to his classical ambitions. It argues that while Cicero likely translated the poem as part of his training as an orator, his creative incorporation within the translation of Aratus’ Hellenistic reception is a sign that he also had lofty plans for it. The Phaenomena was an instant classic in the Greek world: praised for its Hellenistic aesthetic, used as the primary source text in the instruction of astronomy, and appropriated by Stoics, who considered it a poetic reworking of their cosmology. Cicero’s savvy use of Aratus’ diverse commentary tradition allowed him to not just display his facility at turning Greek into Latin, but also produce an even better version of the Phaenomena that could itself become a canonical teaching tool for astronomy at Rome.

scholarly journals Overliteralness and Mother-Tongue Translators

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Michael Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Rhetorical Questions

One barrier to quality in Bible translation is a tendency for translators to translate literally from their primary source text. This is a hazard for any translator, but has particular relevance in the case of Mother-Tongue Translators (MTTs) with minimal training, who are bearing an increasingly larger role in new Bible translations around the globe. In this article, we first examine the problem of overliteralness, observing cases of RL structural adherence to the SL in direct speech, ungrammatical sentences, mistranslation of rhetorical questions, use of idioms, and neglect of discourse factors, etc. The problem of overliteralness extends to information and emotional impact implicit in the SL that is not made explicit in the RL. Reasons for overliteralness include the natural intuitiveness of translating literally, respect for the Word of God (they don’t want to change it), and MTTs’ unawareness of their own language patterns. Since translation consultants are not always familiar with the receptor language, these types of mistakes may escape notice in the checking process. Nonetheless, many MTTs do excellent translation work. We present two major factors that help MTTs avoid overliteralness. Through training and mentoring, they need to absorb the translation principle that gives them “permission” to not be literal. Next, deliberate study of structures of their own language is key, especially contrasting it with structures of the primary source language. Cases where these types of activities are already being done will be presented, and more are encouraged.

scholarly journals An Ordoliberal Interpretation of Adam Smith

ORDO ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Klump ◽  
Manuel Wörsdörfer
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Interdependent System ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Social Market ◽  
Insight Into

SummaryThe aim of the following paper is to examine the complementarities (and divergences) between the ‘Paleo-liberal’ Adam Smith and the Ordoliberal Walter Eucken. Following the hypothesis that Smith is among the forerunners and predecessors of Ordoliberalism and Social Market Economy, we try to provide the reader with an insight into the socio-political philosophy of Smith and Eucken pointing at similarities and differences alike. Therefore, we base our examination on a systematic primary source text analysis comparing the books and essays written by Eucken and Smith. The paper tackles these questions in two main steps: The first part highlights Smith’s and Eucken’s complex and interdependent system of natural liberty. The second section reviews Smith’s and Eucken’s philosophy of the state.

Musical Intonations in N.S. Leskov’s Tale “The Left-Hander” and their Embodiment in the Opera of the Same Name by R.K. Shchedrin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
Tatiana M. Siverskaya
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Musical Notation ◽  
New Development ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article is devoted to the manifestations of musicality in N.S. Leskov’s works and its influence on other artworks created on the writer’s plots (specifically, in the genre of opera). The author focuses on the tale “The Left-Hander”, using as examples phrases of one of the characters, Ataman Platov.The approach proposed by the author is based on a structural, genre and intonation-rhythmic analysis of the primary source text, with documentation of its features. The potential intonation and rhythmic variants of reading individual literary phrases, recorded using conventional musical notation, allow not only to visually compare the shades of their semantic content, but also to correlate them with the musical versions presented in R.K. Shchedrin’s opera “The Left-Hander” (2013). The correlation of the graphic schemes of intonation structures of textual and melodic phrases allows to substantively determine the correspondences and discrepancies in them. In addition, the article notes such musical expressive means that make it possible to convey the intonation of characters’ speech and to outline the characteristic features of their image, such as timbre, tempo, dynamics, etc.Basing on the conducted research, the author makes a conclusion about the influence of text intonations on the formation of perception of characters’ image and the melody of their “musical” speech.The method of intonation-rhythmic analysis of a prosaic literary text, proposed by the author, is a new development in the field of studying the problems of the mutual influence of literature and music; it can find wide application in research in this direction.

The Healing of the Man with Dropsy (Luke 14:1-6) and the Lukan Landscape

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-354
Author(s):  
Chad Hartsock
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Form Criticism ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Commentary Tradition

The healing of the man with dropsy is a surprisingly under-noticed passage in Luke. Few commentaries give much attention to it at all. Where attention is given, the passage is usually heard in one of the following ways: (1) in the context of healing stories or Sabbath healings in general, and thus through the lens of form criticism and how this story participates in the larger context of healing stories; or (2) in the context of the symposia or meal stories since this passage introduces such a scene, and the background for understanding the passage is thus the literary topos of meal stories in the Greco-Roman world. In either reading, the fact that the man has dropsy specifically is essentially irrelevant to the story; he might as well have been blind or lame or deaf. Yet this is the only occurrence in the NT of this specific condition, and I would like to suggest that dropsy is not incidental to the story at all. Rather, the dropsy is itself key to the story. Dropsy is used widely in the ancient Greek world, particularly in the writings of philosophers, and it is frequently a metaphor for greed and wealth. Among the commentary tradition, few scholars take notice of the dropsy metaphor. This paper will mine the Greek philosophical tradition for examples of dropsy to build the case for its metaphorical usage, and it will apply that metaphor to this passage in Luke to see how it might serve the Lukan narrative.


Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Italian Single-Center Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Aleksova ◽  
Rita Belfiore ◽  
Cosimo Carriere ◽  
Salam Kassem ◽  
Salvatore La Carrubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
High Exposure

Abstract. Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin deficiency that has been increasing in developed countries; it was also suggested as an emerging risk factor for developing of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. The primary source of vitamin D is its cutaneous synthesis under exposure to sunlight. It has been suggested that 30 min of sun exposure twice weekly leads to sufficient vitamin D synthesis. The residents of Trieste (Italy) are well-known for their high exposure to sunlight in all seasons. We aimed to investigate the vitamin D status in subjects with acute myocardial infarction living in this area. Methods: Vitamin D status was identified in 478 subjects diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Results: The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 14.5 [7.8 - 22.7] ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were present in 324 (68 %) and 107 (22 %) subjects, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was less frequent among subjects enrolled in the period from July to the end of September (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis vitamin D deficiency was predicted by older age (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.002), higher body mass index (p = 0.05), autumn/winter sampling (p < 0.001), increased parathyroid hormone (p = 0.03) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We observed very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among subjects with myocardial infarction in all seasons of enrollment. However, it was lower in the summer when sun exposure is higher. The exposure to sunlight may be a cost-saving therapeutic strategy for the management of vitamin D deficiency.

Computers as a Teaching Tool for 5-Year-Old Preschool Children

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celso S. Oliveira ◽  
Maria Fernanda C. Alvarez ◽  
Ana Beatriz N. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Teaching Tool
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