Negative Belief

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198831532.003.0011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 196-208

Author(s):

Stephen Mumford

Keyword(s):

Negative Beliefs ◽

Negative Belief ◽

Negative Truths ◽

As If

We are in a position to assess the fortunes of the soft Parmenidean project. A number of putative negative existents were dismissed as no threat to the project, but there remained a number of outstanding metaphysical problems, such as whether there were really negative properties and how negative truths were made true. To solve these, we needed to consider how we are able to talk about nothing without existential commitment to it. This required an account of perception of absence, showing how we gain an idea of absence, and then an account of empty terms, showing how we can talk about what-is-not. Finally, we gave an account of denial as an alternative to asserting a negative. When we put these together, it explains how we can have negative beliefs concerning what is not the case without having to treat any absence or nothing as if it is something.

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Absence and Nothing

10.1093/oso/9780198831532.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Mumford

Keyword(s):

Original Position ◽

Negative Beliefs ◽

Negative Facts ◽

Negative Truths

Nothing is not. Yet it seems that we invoke absences and nothings often in our philosophical explanations. Negative metaphysics is on the rise. It has been claimed that absences can be causes, there are negative properties, absences can be perceived, there are negative facts, and we can refer to and speak about nothing. Parmenides long ago ruled against such things. Here we consider how much of Parmenides’ view can survive. A soft Parmenidean methodology is adopted in which we aim to reject all supposed negative entities but are prepared to accept them, reluctantly, if they are indispensable and irreducible in our best theories. We then see whether there are any negative entities that survive this test. Some can be dismissed on metaphysical grounds, but other problems are explained only once we reject another strand in Parmenides and show how we can think and talk about nothing. Accounts of perception of absence, empty reference, and denial are gathered. With these, we can show how no truthmakers are required for negative truths since we can have negative beliefs, concerning what-is-not, without what-is-not being part of what is. This supports a soft ontological Parmenideanism, which accepts much though not all of Parmenides’ original position.

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Investigating the Predictors of Intrusive Visual Imagery in Elite Athletes

Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity ◽

10.1515/jirspa-2018-0011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James Bierton ◽

Adam Gorman ◽

Michael Lloyd ◽

Alexandra Gorman ◽

John K Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attentional Control ◽

Visual Imagery ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Conscious Experience ◽

Training Session ◽

The Self ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Negative Beliefs ◽

Negative Belief ◽

Metacognitive Beliefs

Abstract The aims of this research were to determine if metacognitive beliefs predicted Intrusive Visual Imagery (IVI) in elite athletes, and if this was consistent across performance contexts. To address these aims, 110 elite cricket and AFL players completed the 30-item metacognitions questionnaire and intrusive visual imagery questionnaire before a training session and competitive match. Regression analyses indicated that the Negative Beliefs about the Uncontrollability of Thoughts and Their Danger metacognition and Need to Control Thoughts metacognition predicted IVI in both contexts. Findings were interpreted within the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model. It was suggested that extra attentional control is exerted to prevent the conscious experience of a negative belief, which prompts an image related to the belief being experienced, which is perceived as intrusive. Results also suggested that athletes are less likely to experience IVI before competing, possibly due to greater monitoring of thoughts. Implications for these findings are discussed.

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SELF-CARE MANAGEMENT AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND POOR ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT, LIVING IN RURAL THAILAND: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v8i2.131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 84-89

Author(s):

Nanthakan Sungsuman Woodham ◽

Surasak Taneepanichskul ◽

Ratana Somrongthong ◽

Nanta Auamkul

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Health Problem ◽

The Elderly ◽

Drug Regimen ◽

Poor Adherence ◽

Community Research ◽

Personal Reason ◽

High Sodium ◽

Negative Beliefs ◽

Negative Belief

Background: Hypertension is a common health problem among the elderly. Approximately 50% have poor adherence to their prescribed medication, which leads to uncontrolled blood pressure. This study was aimed to understand causes of poor adherence and gain knowledge of patient's self-management in their home. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted. Elderly hypertension patients with poor adherence to antihypertension medication and uncontrol blood pressure, between the ages of 60-79 were purposively selected to participate in this study. Home visits, including observation of patient's behavior in their home, were conducted. Content analysis was performed. Results: A total of thirty respondents were interviewed of which 17 were female and 13 were male. All understood that hypertension is a chronic health problem but most of them were unaware that nonadherence to their hypertension medication treatment would lead to negative consequence to their health. Most respondents had negative beliefs toward hypertension treatment. The reasons for poor adherence are: 1) personal beliefs or habits, which include forgetfulness and negative belief that the medication will not control blood pressure; 2) side effects of medication and 3) negative perceptions influenced by the community. Research results showed that most participants were not taking their prescribed dosage. Additionally, expired medication was commonly found in their medication inventory. High sodium diets and no regular exercise was commonly reported. Conclusion: Patients understood that hypertension is a lifelong condition but unaware of consequence of poor adherence. Personal reason and negative belief as well as wrong belief influenced by community. Forgetfulness and manage dosage of medication should be addressed when designing a strategy to improve medical adherence. Education on controlling hypertension and treatments should be addressed and incorporated into a holistic strategy to improve adherence to the patient's drug regimen.

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Improvement of an artificial test substrate technique for evaluation of em immunocytochemical labeling

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128122 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 762-763

Author(s):

G. D. Gagne ◽

M. F. Miller

Keyword(s):

Bovine Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Bovine Serum ◽

Artificial Substrate ◽

Chemical Fixation ◽

As If

We recently described an artificial substrate system which could be used to optimize labeling parameters in EM immunocytochemistry (ICC). The system utilizes blocks of glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine serum albumin (BSA) into which an antigen is incorporated by a soaking procedure. The resulting antigen impregnated blocks can then be fixed and embedded as if they are pieces of tissue and the effects of fixation, embedding and other parameters on the ability of incorporated antigen to be immunocyto-chemically labeled can then be assessed. In developing this system further, we discovered that the BSA substrate can also be dried and then sectioned for immunolabeling with or without prior chemical fixation and without exposing the antigen to embedding reagents. The effects of fixation and embedding protocols can thus be evaluated separately.

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