Causal Oddities

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Neil E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Folk Theories ◽  
History Of ◽  
As Effects

Chapter 7 dives deeper into the examination of powers-based causation, with particular focus on those aspects of causation that are largely ignored by mainstream discussions and folk theories. Thinking about causation in terms of the interactions of powers brings to light the importance of these overlooked features. In particular, the chapter argues that causes can have as effects states that are (type-)identical with those that cause them, that the effects of causation do not have to be changes (and often are not; this concerns static manifestations), and that there is a kind of causation that is restricted to the history of individual particulars (known as ‘immanent causation’). Issues regarding the nature of stimuli are also considered, as well as the possibility of causes that are simultaneous with their effects.

Wisdom Across Cultures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Franki Kung
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Folk Theories ◽  
History Of

The concept of wisdom is ancient and deeply embedded in the cultural history of humanity. However, only since 1980s have psychologists begun to study it scientifically. Taking a culturally and philosophically informed perspective, this article integrates insights from the quantitative science of wisdom. Analysis of epistemological traditions and research on folk theories of wisdom suggest cultural similarities in the domain of cognition (e.g., wisdom as reasoning ability and knowledge). These similarities can be contrasted with cultural differences concerning folk-theoretical affective and prosocial themes of wisdom, as well as expression of various wisdom-related themes, rooted in distinct sociocultural and ecological environments. Empirical evidence indicates that wisdom is an individually and culturally malleable construct, consistent with an emerging constructionist account of wisdom and its development. Future research can benefit from integration of ecological and cultural-historical factors for the meaning of wisdom and its expression.

The Coherence Based Genealogical Method as a Tool for Explaining Textual Changes in the Greek New Testament

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Textual Tradition ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
1 John ◽  
History Of ◽  
Typical Behaviour ◽  
Greek New Testament ◽  
As Effects

This article discusses the advantages of the the Coherence Based Genealogical Method (cbgm), not only as a tool for reconstructing the text of the New Testament, but also for surveying the history of readings and for explaining textual changes. The cbgm promises to detect readings, which have emerged several times independently in the textual tradition. The method is applied to selected examples in 1 John 5:6 and Jude 4, which are relevant to the issue of “orthodox corruption,” as raised by Bart D. Ehrman. The results speak against deliberate textual changes as effects of early Christological controversies in these particular passages. Rather the textual changes reflect other typical behaviour on the part of the scribes throughout the history of transmission.

scholarly journals Genealogies of affect among a young veterinarian's public letter : an exploratory study of hidden curricula in a college of veterinary medicine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tamara S. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Social Entity ◽  
History Of ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Hidden Curricula

Contemporary research in veterinary medical education indicates alarming rates of depression and anxiety among veterinary students. Yet, the focus of this scholarship is primarily on mental illness as effects of a social and relational process, rather than interrogating the affectual nature of the process. Medical education has a long history of interrogating various facets of socialization as largely embedded in the hidden curricula--the tacit culture of a social entity, and repository for values and norms of conduct. Unfortunately, scant scholarship explores the hidden curricula of veterinary medicine. Recently, an anonymous letter signed Young Veterinarian was published on a public website, and opened an electronic dialogue regarding the nature of affects imbedded in professional socialization. Many themes of the letter referred to issues imbedded in the literature. This study followed this online dialogue, and initiated one in a College of Veterinary Medicine. Centering this letter, object-focused interviews were conducted to explore how members of this community are affected by the anonymous letter. Analytical insights suggest three broad areas of affects related to the hidden curricula: Onto-epistemic tensions; affective neutrality; and freedom, debt, and hopelessness. Implications for research and professional practice/curricula are discussed and deliberated.

Genealogy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Erlenbusch-Anderson ◽  
Amy Nigh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Sense ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

In the everyday sense of the term, genealogy describes the study of ancestry and the tracing of a pedigree. As such, genealogy serves to follow the element in question to a singular origin which constitutes its source and guarantees its value. As a philosophical notion, however, genealogy is opposed to such tracing of a pedigree and instead describes the interrupted descent of a custom, practice, or idea, locates its multiple beginnings, and excavates the conditions under which it emerged. In this technical sense of the term, genealogy is a form of historico-philosophical analysis that mobilizes empirical material to uncover historically specific conditions under which the object under examination was able to emerge. Genealogy thus reverses customary explanations of objects of cultural history, according to which these objects are either necessary end points of historical development or results caused by some anthropological principle. Instead, genealogy reconstructs the history of their objectification—that is, of their contingent formation as an object of concern and intervention. Phenomena that are typically assumed to be the causes of certain practices, institutions, laws, norms, and so on are here revealed as effects of the very things they were thought to cause. The problems with which genealogy is concerned are historical formations that rely on and simultaneously make possible forms of knowledge, norms of behavior, and modes of being a subject. While the invention of genealogy in its technico-philosophical sense is usually attributed to Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault, a genealogy of genealogy itself reveals its numerous beginnings in a wide range of discourses and practices that constitute its conditions of possibility.

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