Elastic Optical Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 537-574
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta

In WDM networks using a fixed frequency grid, transmission rates can vary for different connections, leading to inefficient bandwidth utilization in optical fibers with lower-rate connections using wide frequency slots. In elastic optical networks (EONs), the frequency grid is made flexible, thereby improving the effective network capacity. A flexible frequency grid consists of smaller frequency slots, and a transmitting node can use multiple slots using suitable modulation techniques, such as optical OFDM, Nyquist-WDM and optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG). However, this requires bandwidth-variable transceivers (BVTs) and other devices to set up variable-rate connections. First we discuss the design challenges in EONs and describe the evolving technologies for the network elements. Then we present some offline (LP-based and heuristic) design methodologies for EONs to carry out routing and spectral allocation (RSA) for the required connections. Finally, we present some online fragmentation-aware RSA schemes for the operational EONs. (146 words)

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Harrison ◽  
S. V. Kershaw ◽  
M. G. Burt ◽  
A. L. Rogach ◽  
A. Kornowski ◽  
...  

Optical fibers have revolutionized the telecommunications industry to such an extent that the network capacity available today was unthinkable 20 years ago. Even so, with the advent of the datawave, and the exponential increase of network traffic predicted to continue indefinitely, the generation of bandwidth remains a challenge. One of the major limitations to the implementation of future high-capacity, ultra-broadband optical networks is the expansion of the fiber bandwidth beyond that available from the current state-of-the-art signal amplification device--the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). Although there is currently a large effort to expand the flat-gain bandwidth of the EDFA, most of these efforts involve sophisticated engineering, exotic glass fibers, or multicomponent cascaded systems. In a radically different approach, we are attempting to use the unique properties of semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantum dots, as "designer atoms" in order to produce an ultra-broadband optical amplifier with complete coverage of the telecommunications wavelengths. In this paper we review the synthesis of thiol-stabilized mercury chalcogenide nanocrystals via an aqueous colloidal route, which demonstrate extremely intense photoluminescence all the way across the spectral region of interest, i.e., from 1000 to over 1700 nm.


Author(s):  
Héctor Cancela

We are glad to present the last issue of 2015, completing Volume 18 of the CLEI Electronic Journal. This issue is comprised by the following regular papers.The first paper, “Quality of Protection on WDM networks: A Recovery Probability based approach”, by M. D. Rodas-Brítez and D. P. Pinto-Roa, features a proposal of a new quality of protection (QoP) paradigm for Wavelength Division Multiplexing optical networks. The new approach is flexible, allowing the network administrator to define and select a set of protection levels, based on recovery probabilities which measure the degree of conflict among primary lightpaths sharing backup lightpaths. To show the interest of the approach, a Genetic Algorithm is used to design a routing strategy by multi-objectiveoptimization, minimizing the number of blocked requests, the number of services without protection, the total differences between the requested QoP and the assigned QoP, and the network cost.The second paper, “Towards Scalability for Federated Identity Systems for Cloud-Based Environments”, by A.A. Pereira, J. B. M. Sobral and C. M. Westphall, addresses scalability issues in identity management for cloud computing environments. The authors propose an adapted sticky-session mechanism, as an alternative approach to the more common distributed memory approach, and discuss the implications in therms of computational resources, throughput and overall efficiency. The following work, “Formal Analysis of Security Models for Mobile Devices, Virtualization Platforms, and Domain Name Systems”, by G. Betarte and C. Luna,tackles security models for security-critical applications in three areas: mobile devices, virtualization platforms, and domain name systems. The authors develop formalizations using the Calculus of Inductive Constructions, to study different usual variants of security models in these platforms and their properties.The last paper of this issue is “Digi-Clima Grid: image processing and distributed computing for recovering historical climate data”, by authors S. Nesmachnow, G. Usera and F. Brasileiro. This paper reports an experience of implementing semi-automatic techniques for digitalizing and recovering historical climate records applying parallel computing techniques over distributed computing infrastructures, which was applied to Uruguayan historical climate data.As we complete now the eighteenth year of continued existence of CLEIej, we thank the regional community for its continued support, and we encourage researchers working in computer science and its applications to consider submitting their work to CLEIej, as the the leading electronic, open access journal in Computer Science in Latin America.


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