Enhanced Beetle Antennae Algorithm for Chemical Dynamic Optimization Problems’ Non-Fixed Points Discrete Solution

Dynamic optimization is an important research topic in chemical process control. A dynamic optimization method with good performance can reduce energy consumption and prompt production efficiency. However, the method of solving the problem is complicated in the establishment of the model, and the process of solving the optimal value has a certain degree of difficulty. Based on this, we proposed a non-fixed points discrete method of an enhanced beetle antennae optimization algorithm (EBSO) to solve this kind of problem. Firstly, we converted individual beetles into groups of beetles to search for the best and increase the diversity of the population. Secondly, we introduced a balanced direction strategy, which explored extreme values in new directions before the beetles updated their positions. Finally, a spiral flight mechanism was introduced to change the situation of the beetles flying straight toward the tentacles to prevent the traditional algorithm from easily falling into a certain local range and not being able to jump out. We applied the enhanced algorithm to four classic chemical problems. Meanwhile, we changed the equal time division method or unequal time division method commonly used to solve chemical dynamic optimization problems, and proposed a new interval distribution method—the non-fixed points discrete method, which can more accurately represent the optimal control trajectory. The comparison and analysis of the simulation test results with other algorithms for solving chemical dynamic optimization problems show that the EBSO algorithm has good performance to a certain extent, which further proves the effectiveness of the EBSO algorithm and has a better optimization ability.

Analyzing optical TDMA to mitigate interference in downlink LiFi optical attocell networks

Co-channel interference in the downlink of LiFi attocell networks significantly decreases the network performance in terms of rate. Analysis of multiple access schemes is essential to mitigate interference and improve rate. The light-emitting diodes (LEDs) being centrally monitored, the time division multiple access (TDMA) scheme over the LEDs will be suitable to analyze. This work considers the interference characterization in Ref. (Surampudi A, Ganti RK. Interference characterization in downlink Li-Fi optical attocell networks. J Lightwave Technol 2018;36:3211–28) over M-PAM modulated signals to derive an exact expression for the goodput G of the time scheduled attocell network, which is arranged as a deterministic square lattice in two dimensions. Given this TDMA over the LEDs, numerical simulations show that the LEDs can be optimally time scheduled to maximize the goodput, which implies that the TDMA mitigates interference in an attocell network compared to the case when the LEDs are unscheduled.

On Channel Estimation and Power Control for Multi-cell Multi-path Massive MIMO TDD System

Some more practical channels that model the networks in a real environment is the multi-path communication channels. In order to investigate these communications channels. This work addressed Channel Estimation (CE) in the Uplink (UL) phase for a multi-cell multi-user massive multipleinput multiple-output (M-MIMO) system that studies multi-path communication between each user and its serving Base Station (BS). We suppose that the network operates under Time-Division Duplex (TDD) protocol. We studied and analyzed the multi-path channels and their benefit over CE since it presents a more realistic channel that displays a real propagation circumstance. on the flip side, we evaluated the CE quality using ideal MinimumMean Square Error (MMSE). This latter relies on an impractical property that can be explicated since the MMSE estimator considers foreknowledge on Large-Scale Fading (LSF) coefficients of interfering users. Thus, the suggested estimator is introduced to overcome this issue, where the suggested estimator tackled this problem and presented result asymptotic approaches to the performance of the MMSE estimator. Besides, we considered a more real communication in which the multi-path channels are either realized using Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) only or using both Line-of-Sight (LoS) and NLoS path depending on the distance at which the user is located from his serving BS. Otherwise, in numerous scenarios, users at the cell edge are strongly affected by Pilot Contamination (PC). Hence, we introduced a Power Control (PoC) policy so that the users at the cell edge are less affected by the PC problem. In the simulation results segment, the analytic and simulated results are introduced to assert our theoretical study.

Transmission of Q-signaling by the tunneling procedure in the automatic telephone network of integrated services of the Serbian Armed Forces

Introduction/purpose: To specify the practical application of ECMA355 and ECMA-336 Standards for Q-SIG tunneling and the implementation of mapping functions via the existing IP (Internet Protocol) network of the Serbian Armed Forces (Intranet SAF), in the Private Automatic Telephone Network SAF (PATN SAF), as the main part of the Private telecommunication-information networks of integrated services SAF (PISN SAF). Methods: Description of the implemented solution and analysis of the software parameters of the established transmission SIP route, with the display of the results obtained in the fight with jitter and echo in the network. Results: With such a solution, it was achieved that participants from the peripheral parts of the PISN SAF, which operate on the principle of transmission and circuit switching by TDM (Time Division Multiplexing), can connect with each other via the newly established central IP network SAF (Core network) which operates on the principle of transmission and switching packets with the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), without losing the functionality of QSIG from the framework of the digital telecommunication network of integrated services ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network). Conclusion: The article deals with the modern IP PINX (Private Integrated Services Network Exchange) manufactured by Mitel, type MX-ONE Service Node 6.0, which is implemented at the transit level PATN SAF and which successfully implements the process of tunneling Q-SIG through the IP network and the necessary functions for mapping the transmission of tunneled QSIG messages and mapping voice (and other audio) information to VoIP (Voice over IP) communication media streams through that network. Also, the basic elements for its software preparation during the introduction of a new SIP route, with a capacity of 30 IP trunks in a transmission beam realized with 100 Mb/s-T Ethernet, are given, and the fight with the present jitter and echo in the network is described. Finally, the paper presents the experience-based values of the parameters for reducing the influence of jitter and suppressing echo.

Multichannel ADC IP Core on Xilinx SoC FPGA

Sensing of analogue signals such as voltage, temperature, pressure, current etc. is required to acquire the real time analog signals in the form digital streams. Most of the static analog signals are converted into voltage using sensors, transducers etc. and then measured using ADCs. The digitized samples from ADC are collected either through serial or parallel interface and processed by the programmable chips such as processors, controllers, FPGAs, SOCs etc. In some cases, Multichannel supported ADCs are used to save the layout area when the functionalities are to be realized in a small form factor. In such scenarios, parallel interface for each channel is not a preferred interface considering the more number of interfaces / traces between the components. Hence, Custom, Sink synchronized, Configurable multichannel ADC soft IP core has been developed using VHDL coding to interwork with multichannel supported, time division multiplexed ADCs with serial interface. The developed IP core can be used either as it is with the SPI interface as specified in this paper or with necessary modifications / configurations. The configurations can be the number of channels, sample size, sampling frequency, data transfer clock, type of synchronization – source / sink, control signals and the sequence of the operations performed to configure ADC. The efficiency of implementation is validated using the measurements of throughput, and accuracy for the required range of input with acceptable tolerances. ZYNQ FPGA and LTC2358 ADC are used to evaluate the developed IP core. Integrated Logic Analyser (ILA) which is an integrated verification tool of Vivado is used for Verification.

Coverage and Spectral Efficiency of Network Assisted Full Duplex in a Millimeter Wave System

To cope with the growing trend of asymmetric data traffic, we introduce a novel network assisted full duplex (NAFD) for a millimeter wave system. NAFD can dynamically allocate the number of remote radio heads in the uplink mode or in the downlink mode, which can facilitate simultaneous uplink and downlink communications. In this manuscript, we use stochastic geometry to analyze the distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the data rate in a NAFD system. The numerical results verify the analysis and show that the NAFD outperforms the dynamic time division duplex system and the traditional flexible duplex system in terms of spectral efficiency.

Spread Spectrum Sound with TDMA and INS Hybrid Navigation System for Indoor Environment

Indoor navigation plays an essential role in agricultural robots that operate in greenhouses. One of the most effective methods for indoor navigation is the spread spectrum sound (SS-sound) system. In this system, the time of arrival (ToA) of the spread spectrum modulated sound is used for localization. However, there is a near-far problem. Transmitting the SS-sound from multiple anchors using time division multiple access (TDMA) is adequate to solve the near-far problem. However, localization is impossible because the ToA from multiple anchors cannot be simultaneously acquired. To solve this problem, a method for combining the SS-sound system with TDMA and an inertial navigation system is proposed in this study. The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated through numerical simulations of a ground robot and experimentally using a crawler robot.

Position Estimation of Vehicle Based on Magnetic Marker: Time-Division Position Correction

During the automatic driving of a vehicle, the vehicle’s positional information is important for vehicle driving control. If fixed-point land markers such as magnetic markers are used, the vehicle’s current position error can be calculated only when a marker is detected while driving, and this error can be used to correct the estimation position. Therefore, correction information is used irregularly and intermittently according to the installation intervals of the magnetic markers and the driving speed. If the detected errors are corrected all at once using the position correction method, discontinuity of the position information can occur. This problem causes instability in the vehicle’s route guidance control because the position error fluctuates as the vehicle’s speed increases. We devised a time-division position correction method that calculates the error using the absolute position of the magnetic marker, which is estimated when the magnetic marker is detected, along with the absolute position information from the magnetic marker database. Instead of correcting the error at once when the position and heading errors are corrected, the correction is performed by dividing the errors multiple times until the next magnetic marker is detected. This prevents sudden discontinuity of the vehicle position information, and the calculated correction amount is used without loss to obtain stable and continuous position information. We conducted driving tests to compare the performances of the proposed algorithm and conventional methods. We compared the continuity of the position information and the mean error and confirmed the superiority of the proposed method in terms of these aspects.