Computing as an Engineering Discipline

Author(s):  
Giuseppe Primiero

This Chapter reconsiders the engineering foundation of computing, overviews the related debate, and formulates a notion of physical computational validity.

Author(s):  
Anastasios M. Ioannides

Application of fracture mechanics concepts developed in various branches of engineering to the pavement problem can address current limitations, thereby advancing considerably existing pavement design procedures. The state of the art in fracture mechanics applications to pavement engineering is summarized, and an in-depth discussion of one of the major concerns in such applications, the specimen-size effect, is provided. It is concluded that the fictitious crack model proposed by Hillerborg appears most promising for computerized application to pavements. The similitude concepts developed by Bache will be very useful in such efforts. Both the desirability and the scarcity of suitable candidates to replace Miner’s cumulative linear fatigue hypothesis in conventional pavement design are confirmed. Fracture mechanics is shown to be a very promising engineering discipline from which innovations could be transplanted to pavement activities. Nonetheless, it is pointed out that rather slow progress characterizes fracture mechanics developments in general. Pavement engineers clearly need to remain abreast of and involved in fracture mechanics activities.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
George A. Hazelrigg ◽  
Donald G. Saari

Abstract The derivation of a theory of systems engineering has long been complicated by the fact that there is little consensus within the systems engineering community regarding precisely what systems engineering is, what systems engineers do, and what might constitute reasonable systems engineering practices. To date, attempts at theories fail to accommodate even a sizable fraction of the current systems engineering community, and they fail to present a test of validity of systems theories, analytical methods, procedures or practices. This paper presents a more theoretical and more abstract approach to the derivation of a theory of systems engineering that has the potential to accommodate a broad segment of the systems engineering community and present a validity test. It is based on a simple preference statement: “I want the best system I can get.” From this statement, it is argued that a very rich theory can be obtained. Whereas most engineering disciplines are framed around a core set of widely accepted physical laws, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to frame an engineering discipline around a preference.


2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Meyers ◽  
Gregory Bucks ◽  
Kathleen Harper ◽  
Victoria Goodrich

Author(s):  
Jenny Carolina Ramírez Leal ◽  
William Joseph Giraldo Orozco ◽  
Raquel Anaya Hernández

Desde el inicio de la ingeniería de Requisitos se han utilizado técnicas provenientes de diferentes contextos para obtener el conocimiento de los stakeholders y así definir los requisitos para el sistema software a construir. Este artículo presenta una propuesta metodológica para especificar de manera formalizada técnicas desde los contextos de la elicitación de conocimiento y la Comunicación, con el propósito de comprender como pueden ser aplicadas en la disciplina de ingeniería de Requisitos. Para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo cuatro etapas que permitieron definir la metodología, determinando así los niveles de granularidad de especificación de cada técnica. Con esta propuesta metodológica adaptada al marco de trabajo de Eclipse Process Framework Project (EPF) se construyó para los analistas o ingenieros de requisitos un catálogo con 24 técnicas, con el propósito de que estos usaran estas 24 técnicas en la elicitación de los requisitos de productos software y potencializar el proceso de comunicación. Encontrando que esta metodología de formalización logra ser flexible para ser incorporada en ella, cualquier otro tipo de técnica y facilitar su entendimiento.Palabras Claves: Adquisición de conocimiento, Ingeniería de requisitos, Metodología de formalización, Técnicas.Since the beginning of the Requirements engineering, techniques from different contexts have been used in order to know about this stakeholders and define the requirements for the software system to be built. This article presents a methodological proposal to specify, in a technical formalized way techniques from the contexts of the knowledge gathering (elicitation) and communication with the purpose of understanding how they can be applied in the Engineering Requirements discipline. To achieve the above, four stages that allowed defining the methodology were conducted determining in this way, the granularity levels specification of each technique. Having this methodological approach adapted to the frame of work of the Eclipse Process Framework Project (EPF) , a catalog of 24 techniques, was provided for Requirements analysts or engineers so that they will guide the implementation of these 24 techniques in the engineering discipline Requirements proving its value to potentiate the process of communication. Finding that this method of formalization happens to be flexible to be incorporated therein, any other technical and facilitate its understandingKeywords: Knowledge Acquisition, Requirements Engineering, Methodology formalization techniques.


Author(s):  
A. J Gana ◽  
M. F. Amodu

Water resources sustainability is essential to life because all living things and some non-living things need it to complete their processes. The water usage is rising, hence pressure on the availability, and some instances rose to crisis level. These pressures were due to population growth, increases in irrigated land, deforestation, soil and land degradation, and wastages. Engineering is one of the majors’ components in tackling water resources sustainability. Therefore, this paper reviews the general concepts of sustainable water resources from an engineering and management perspective. The method adopted to realize the aim of the research was a thorough literature review. Engineering has three sub-components, these are Ecological, Economic, and social sustainability. Failure in one of these sub-components is a failure of the component. The literature revealed that Water resources sustainability is a multifaceted discipline therefore, engineering discipline alone would not solve it. However, this paper proffered some recommendations and the way forward. These recommendations are the steps required at the watersheds level, the engineering strategies aspects, and the management strategy. It concluded that a holistic approach where all shareholders will be involved is an ideal approach.


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