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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Emina ◽  
Rinelle Etinkum ◽  
Anya Aissaoui ◽  
Cady Nyombe Gbomosa ◽  
Kaeshan Elamurugan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Reliable and rigorously collected sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (SRMNCAH) data in humanitarian settings are often sparse and variable in quality across different humanitarian settings. To address this gap in quality data, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a core set of indicators for monitoring and evaluating SRMNCAH services and outcomes and assessed their feasibility in four countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) with the goal of aggregating information from global consultations and field-level assessments to reach consensus on a set of core SRMNCAH indicators among WHO partners. Methods: The feasibility assessment in DRC focused on the following constructs: relevance/usefulness, feasibility of measurement, systems and resources, and ethical issues. The multi-methods assessment included five components; a desk review, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, facility assessments, and observational sessions. Results: The findings suggest that there is widespread support among stakeholders for developing a standardized core list of SRMNCAH indicators to be collected among all humanitarian actors in DRC. There are numerous resources and data collection systems that could be leveraged, built upon, and improved to ensure the feasibility of collecting this proposed set of indicators. However, the data collection load requested from donors, the national government, international and UN agencies, coordination/cluster systems must be better harmonized, standardized, and less burdensome. Conclusions: Despite stakeholder support in developing a core set of indicators, this would only be useful if it has the buy-in from the international community. Greater harmonization and coordination, alongside increased resource allocation, would improve data collection efforts and allow stakeholders to meet indicators’ reporting requirements.


HIV Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marques‐Gomes ◽  
Matthew J. Salt ◽  
Rita Pereira‐Neto ◽  
Franca S. Barteldes ◽  
Vera Gouveia‐Barros ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq Syed ◽  
Divya Singhal ◽  
Koen Raedschelders ◽  
Preethi Krishnan ◽  
Robert N. Bone ◽  
...  

Background: Activation of stress pathways intrinsic to the β cell are thought to both accelerate β cell death and increase β cell immunogenicity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, information on the timing and scope of these responses is lacking. Methods: To identify temporal and disease-related changes in islet β cell protein expression, data independent acquisition-mass spectrometry was performed on islets collected longitudinally from NOD mice and NOD-SCID mice rendered diabetic through T cell adoptive transfer. Findings: In islets collected from female NOD mice at 10, 12, and 14 weeks of age, we found a time-restricted upregulation of proteins involved in the maintenance of β cell function and stress mitigation, followed by loss of expression of protective proteins that heralded diabetes onset. Pathway analysis identified EIF2 signaling and the unfolded protein response, mTOR signaling, mitochondrial function, and oxidative phosphorylation as commonly modulated pathways in both diabetic NOD mice and NOD-SCID mice rendered acutely diabetic by adoptive transfer, highlighting this core set of pathways in T1D pathogenesis. In immunofluorescence validation studies, β cell expression of protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) and 14-3-3b were found to be increased during disease progression in NOD islets, while PDIA1 plasma levels were increased in pre-diabetic NOD mice and in the serum of children with recent-onset T1D compared to age and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. Interpretation: We identified a common and core set of modulated pathways across distinct mouse models of T1D and identified PDIA1 as a potential human biomarker of β cell stress in T1D.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261413
Author(s):  
Abinethaa Paramasivam ◽  
Atul Jaiswal ◽  
Renu Minhas ◽  
Peter Holzhey ◽  
Karen Keyes ◽  
...  

Background Individuals with deafblindness experience a combination of hearing and vision impairments. The World Health Organization has developed a global framework referred to as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to describe health and functioning. From the full ICF classification, a selection of categories, referred to as ICF Core Sets, provide users with a tool to describe functioning and disability in specific health conditions. There has been no ICF Core Set created for deafblindness. Given that core sets are instrumental in improving clinical practice, research, and service delivery, the aim of this study is to develop an ICF Core Set for deafblindness. Methods As part of the preparatory phase in the ICF Core Set development, there are four studies that will be conducted. This includes the [1] systematic literature review that examines the researcher’s perspective, [2] qualitative study focusing on the individuals with deafblindness experience, [3] experts survey that looks at health professional’s perspective, and [4] empirical study that examines the clinical perspective. The studies will be conducted using the principles outlined by the ICF Research Branch for the development of ICF Core Sets. The systematic literature review protocol was submitted for registration on PROSPERO CRD42021247952. Discussion An ICF Core Set created for deafblindness will benefit individuals living with deafblindness who are often excluded from social participation, policies, and services. An ICF Core Set for deafblindness will have a significant impact on healthcare professionals, policymakers, researchers, service providers and individuals with deafblindness by facilitating communication among all stakeholder to support the functioning of those with deafblindness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 140-156
Author(s):  
Fe Moncloa ◽  
Nancy Erbstein ◽  
Aarti Subramaniam

This article explores how Latinx youth engagement practices vary across different types of out-of-school organizations that successfully sustain Latinx youth participation. Data are drawn from a qualitative study of 13 California organizations that each emphasize one of 3 missions: social justice youth development, “one-stop” wrap-around services, or academic enrichment. While all organizations are found to adhere to a core set of Latinx youth development guiding principles, there are nuanced differences in how they are operationalized in practice across varied organization types, reflecting variation in terms of discourse, scale, and scope. These findings highlight the need for youth development practitioners and collaborating researchers to understand the context of youth-serving organizations when identifying and implementing promising practices and extension programs.


2021 ◽  
pp. 026461962110559
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Billiet ◽  
Dominique Van de Velde ◽  
Olga Overbury ◽  
Ruth MA Van Nispen

The World Health Organization created the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to provide a common framework to understand and describe functioning and disability. To make the ICF more applicable for everyday use, an ICF core set can be developed. We are going to reduce the entire ICF of 1400 categories to essential categories that can be used in a specific health context. These ICF core sets are created through a scientific process based on preparatory studies and the involvement of a multidisciplinary group of experts. The aim of this project is the development of an internationally accepted, evidence-based and valid ICF core set for irreversible vision loss. This article describes the process that is followed in detail and invites stakeholders to participate in the development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Skogby ◽  
Ewa-Lena Bratt ◽  
Bengt Johansson ◽  
Philip Moons ◽  
Eva Goossens

Abstract Background A substantial proportion of young people with Complex Chronic Conditions (CCCs) experience some degree of discontinuation of follow-up care, which is an umbrella term to describe a broken chain of follow-up. Discontinuation of follow-up care is not clearly defined, and the great plethora of terms used within this field cannot go unnoticed. Terms such as “lost to follow-up”, “lapses in care” and “care gaps”, are frequently used in published literature, but differences between terms are unclear. Lack of uniformity greatly affects comparability of study findings. The aims of the present study were to (i) provide a systematic overview of terms and definitions used in literature describing discontinuation of follow-up care in young people with CCC’s; (ii) to clarify operational components of discontinuation of follow-up care (iii); to develop conceptual definitions and suggested terms to be used; and (iv) to perform an expert-based evaluation of terms and conceptual definitions. Methods A systematic literature search performed in PubMed was used to provide an overview of current terms used in literature. Using a modified summative content analysis, operational components were analysed, and conceptual definitions were developed. These conceptual definitions were assessed by an expert panel using a survey. Results In total, 47 terms and definitions were retrieved, and a core set of operational components was identified. Three main types of discontinuation of follow-up care emerged from the analysis and expert evaluation, conceptually defined as follows: Lost to follow-up care: “No visit within a defined time period and within a defined context, and the patient is currently no longer engaged in follow-up care”;Gap in follow-up care: “Exceeded time interval between clinic visits within a defined context, and the patient is currently engaged in follow-up care”; andUntraceability: “Failure to make contact due to lack of contact information”. Conclusion By creating a common vocabulary for discontinuation of follow-up care, the quality of future studies could improve. The conceptual definitions and operational components provide guidance to both researchers and healthcare professionals focusing on discontinuation of follow-up care for young people with CCCs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Shana Stites ◽  
Sharnita Midgett

Abstract Social and structural determinants of health (SSDoH) are conditions that can impact on Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (AD/ADRD) outcomes. We will describe theoretical underpinnings of core SSDoH constructs and their measure, empirical evidence for their importance, and their potential for elucidating disease and prevention mechanisms. We focus on a core set of SSDoH measures that are important across a broad range of socially and culturally heterogeneous populations. We outline a rationale for universal implementation of a set of SSDoH measures and juxtapose the approach with alternatives, such as investigator-initiated grants, aimed at collecting SSDoH data. We also speak very briefly about the evidence supporting assessing SSDoH with respect to sex, gender, and sexual orientation and considerations in doing this.


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