The Correspondence with De Volder

Leibniz's Key Philosophical Writings ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198844983.003.0007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 123-144

Author(s):

John Whipple

Keyword(s):

Space And Time ◽

System P ◽

Philosophical Writings

Leibniz’s correspondence with Burcher de Volder contains some of his most important philosophical writings. Taking place between 1698 and 1706, the correspondence engages a range of issues including the nature of substance, causation, space and time, the proper measure of force in physics, and the relation between physics and metaphysics. It is most famous for containing extensive remarks on Leibniz’s theory of monads, though the extent to which he was committed to this theory throughout the correspondence is a matter of great scholarly controversy. I suggest that one of the keys for interpreting this correspondence is to recognize its pedagogical character. Leibniz did not straightforwardly present his metaphysics to De Volder at the beginning of the correspondence; rather, he gradually revealed his views in an effort to rid De Volder of his philosophical prejudices and enable him to recognize the true metaphysical system.

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Problems of time and space in the philosophy of Shūzō Kuki (1888 – 1941)

Философская мысль ◽

10.25136/2409-8728.2021.11.36898 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Lyubov' Borisovna Karelova

Keyword(s):

Time Correlation ◽

Edo Period ◽

Time And Space ◽

Space And Time ◽

Art Works ◽

Temporal Aspect ◽

The Subject ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

Philosophical Writings

The subject of this research is the philosophy of Shūzō Kuki, which is usually associated with his original concept, built around the concept of iki that simultaneously denotes taste, wealth, sensibility, dignity, reserve, and spontaneity, as well as embodies the aesthetic ideal formed in urban culture of the Edo period (1603 – 1868). The Japanese philosopher is also notable for a number of other intellectual insights. For depicting a holistic image on the philosophical views of Shūzō Kuki, a more extensive array of his works is introduced into the scientific discourse. A significant part of these work have not been translated into the Russian or other foreign languages. This article explores the problems of time and space, which are cross-cutting in the works of Shūzō Kuki  using examples of such philosophical writings as the “Theory of Time”, “What is Anthropology?”, “Problems of Time. Bergson and Heidegger”, “Metaphysical Time”, "Problems of Casualty”. The research employs the method of historical-philosophical reconstruction and sequential textual analysis of sources. Special attention is given to the problems of cyclical time, correlation between the infinite and the finite, and its reflection in the literary or art works, existential-anthropological landscape of space and time, spatial-temporal aspect of casualty and relevance. The conclusion is made on the contribution of Shūzō Kuki to elaboration of the problems of space and time, namely his cross-cultural approach that allows viewing the general philosophical problems from the perspective of both Western and Eastern thought, as well as a distinct  “interdisciplinary” approach towards analysis of the phenomena of space and time, which are viewed from different perspective and acquire different characteristics depending on the angle and aspect of reality of the corresponding context. Thus, there is a variety of concepts of time, which do not eliminate, but complement each other.

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Chelpanov: The Psychologist as a Realist Neo-Kantian

Solov’evskie issledovaniya ◽

10.17588/2076-9210.2021.2.084-113 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 84-113

Author(s):

T. Nemeth

Keyword(s):

Free Will ◽

Spatial Perception ◽

Spatial Position ◽

Space And Time ◽

Representation Of Space ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Transcendental Realism ◽

Stark Contrast ◽

Philosophical Writings

This essay explores the writings of Georgij Chelpanov, who recognized the value of both psychology and philosophy, much to the displeasure of all. Chelpanov only very guardedly expressed his own philosophical views, which stand, I conclude, in stark contrast with the neo-Kantianisms of both the Marburg and the Baden Schools. We see that in his earliest writings on spatial perception, he not so much differs with Kant as saw the matter from a different perspective. Nonetheless, he shares Kant’s affirmation that the universality and necessity associated with our representation of space affirms its apriority as a condition of cognition, particularly with respect to mathematics. Chelpanov departs from Kant in rejecting the exclusive subjectivity of space and time, arguing that there is something in noumenal reality that corresponds to our specific representations of an object’s temporal and spatial position. Otherwise, there is no way to account for their specificity, for why a perceived object is here and not there. Chelpanov argues this from a psychological viewpoint, but he acknowledges that Kant argues from a logical viewpoint. Turning to the issue of free will, he, in short, argues for a soft determinism that is quite consistent with Kantianism, even though Chelpanov’s argument is bereft of the metaphysics and the architectonic of Kant’s system. In conclusion, although scholars dispute his allegiance to neo-Kantianism, his philosophical writings demonstrate his subdued advocacy of a neo-Kantianism, albeit one more akin to the transcendental realism of Riehl and Paulsen.

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Chapter I: The Aim, and the Method of Treatment

The Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique ◽

10.1017/s000841310000952x ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 25 (S1) ◽

pp. 3-5

Author(s):

Richard Albert Wilson

Keyword(s):

Human Mind ◽

Point Of View ◽

Human Knowledge ◽

Critique Of Pure Reason ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Space And Time ◽

Starting Point ◽

The World ◽

Philosophical Writings

But that same Where (Space), with its brother When (Time), are from the first the master-colours of our Dream-Grotto; the Canvas (the warp and woof thereof) whereon all our Dreams and Life-Visions are painted.—CARLYLE, Sartor Resartus, 1830.When Kant in his investigation of the nature and validity of human knowledge in the Critique of Pure Reason (1781) undertook an examination of the nature of Space and Time as the starting point in the discussion, he struck the path which all fruitful philosophical investigation has followed since. Since Space and Time are the two ‘forms’ within which the whole system of life and nature unfolds itself to the human mind, and are at the same time the ‘warp and woof on which man elaborates his mental sense-picture of the world, an examination of these two sense-forms should be the self-evident starting point in any true cosmic philosophy. Yet it seems to have taken something more than a century for the full significance of Kant’s method to sink into the general philosophical consciousness, and it is only in our own time that its fruits have begun to mature. What strikes one in the philosophical writings of the present century, whether starting from mathematics, or science, or pure speculation, is the common assumption in all of them that some exposition of Space and Time must form the foundation of any adequate treatment of the nature of the world, the human mind, and the structure of human knowledge. The title of Professor Alexander’s book, Space, Time, and Deity (1920), is symbolic of the modern point of view.

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Comparison of TEM and STM observations of small silver clusters on different carbon supports

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010017445x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 264-265

Author(s):

Bernd Tesche ◽

Tobias Schilling

Keyword(s):

Vibration Isolation ◽

Pyrolytic Graphite ◽

Carbon Film ◽

Silver Clusters ◽

Carbon Supports ◽

Stacking Order ◽

System P ◽

High Resolution Tem ◽

High Degree ◽

Degree Of Order

The objective of our work is to determine:a) whether both of the imaging methods (TEM, STM) yield comparable data andb) which method is better suited for a reliable structure analysis of microclusters smaller than 1.5 nm, where a deviation of the bulk structure is expected.The silver was evaporated in a bell-jar system (p 10−5 pa) and deposited onto a 6 nm thick amorphous carbon film and a freshly cleaved highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG).The average deposited Ag thickness is 0.1 nm, controlled by a quartz crystal microbalance at a deposition rate of 0.02 nm/sec. The high resolution TEM investigations (100 kV) were executed by a hollow-cone illumination (HCI). For the STM investigations a commercial STM was used. With special vibration isolation we achieved a resolution of 0.06 nm (inserted diffraction image in Fig. 1c). The carbon film shows the remarkable reduction in noise by using HCI (Fig. 1a). The HOPG substrate (Fig. 1b), cleaved in sheets thinner than 30 nm for the TEM investigations, shows the typical arrangement of a nearly perfect stacking order and varying degrees of rotational disorder (i.e. artificial single crystals). The STM image (Fig. 1c) demonstrates the high degree of order in HOPG with atomic resolution.

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