From Saussure to 1954

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-255
Author(s):  
Raf Van Rooy
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Point ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Morphosyntactic Variation ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The 1950S

Chapter 19 discusses the fate of the language / dialect distinction in structuralism. Ferdinand de Saussure’s conception of it was fairly traditional. In Saussure’s wake, mainstream structural linguists usually focused on homogeneous language systems, the langue, rather than the parole, with scant attention to the conceptual pair. In the 1950s, a dialectological turn occurred. The year 1954 in particular was a breaking point, when three structuralist papers devoted to the concept of dialect appeared. Uriel Weinreich suggested the concept of diasystem to capture variation within one language. André Martinet, in turn, tried to redefine dialect scientifically by excluding sociopolitical factors. Václav Polák, finally, argued that substantial morphosyntactic variation was required to speak of distinct languages. Phonological and lexical differences resulted in dialects only. Structuralist discussions of the language / dialect pair remained uncoordinated, however, and had relatively limited impact on subsequent debates, except for Weinreich’s diasystem concept.

Women's Rights and Opposition: Explaining the Stunted Rise and Sudden Reversals of Progressive Violence against Women Policies in Contentious Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-131
Author(s):  
Cheryl O'Brien ◽  
Shannon Drysdale Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Family Discourse ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Progressive Policy ◽  
International Conventions

AbstractInternational conventions and domestic laws have been enacted to prevent, punish and eradicate violence against women worldwide. However, these progressive policy initiatives have faced opposition in contentious contexts where policy rivals have contested their creation and implementation. Existing scholarship focuses primarily on progressive networks that have led to policy advances, such as violence against women (VAW) policies, while emerging literature has noted their limited impact and implementation. However, there is scant attention paid to one major underlying cause of limited impact and problematic implementation: that there is sustained opposition to these policies by policy rivals that resist and undermine progressive policies. We identify opponents and entrenched opposition to VAW laws in Mexico and Nicaragua in the 1990s and 2010s. We also identify how these opponents leverage ties with the state and utilise ‘family discourse’, framing progressives as anti-family, as strategies and mechanisms for stunting and even reversing VAW laws.

scholarly journals Industrial Policy and Learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-234
Author(s):  
Wilson Peres ◽  
Annalisa Primi
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Learning And Change

This chapter contributes to the understanding of how nations learn by looking at Latin America. It focuses on the experiences of some of the most advanced countries in the region, notably Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay. Industrial policies have been no strangers in these countries, however, diversifying the economy and catching up are still pending challenges. The analysis of the evolution of policies for industrialization and technological development from the 1950s onward clarifies why, in most cases, they had limited impact on domestic learning and catching-up dynamics. The review of some recent successful cases (from Chile, Uruguay, and Mexico) sheds light on which specific institutional and political economy dynamics enabled the activation of learning and change in the economy. The achievements and the persistent shortcomings of the region contribute to identifying lessons for growth and development whose relevance goes beyond Latin America and contributes to the overall global debate on how countries can achieve prosperity.

Appropriation and Resistance: Local Responses to Malaria Eradication in Mexico, 1955–1970

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCOS CUETO
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Health ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Health Campaign ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Local Doctor ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
The 1950S

Medical developments in Latin America during the second half of the twentieth century have received little attention. This study examines the Mexican responses to the success and failures of an important international health campaign of the 1950s: malaria eradication. During the 1950s malaria became the disease of central concern for international and US agencies working in developing countries (as yellow fever and hookworm were for tropical health during the early twentieth century). This article outlines the motivations, design and techniques of the campaign. It concentrates on two local responses: first, the enthusiastic support displayed by personnel working in the field; and, secondly, the reactions against the campaign of a local doctor – who revealed some of the inadequacies of malaria eradication – and of two medical anthropologists, who emphasised the scant attention paid to the cultural and social aspects of the campaign.

“Rosie the Realtor” and the Re-Gendering of Real Estate Brokerage, 1930–1960

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-351
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Hornstein
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Real Estate Brokerage ◽  
Residential Brokerage ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
The 1950S

Rapidly increasing numbers of women entered the field of real estate brokerage from the 1930s through the 1950s. “Rosie the Realtor” took advantage of the postwar building boom to create an expanding career niche, capturing residential brokerage as a female domain. In the process, she stretched gendered boundaries in the masculine world of brokerage to the breaking point. Employing a complex and internally antagonistic mix of liberal feminist and conservative ideologies, female realtors created their own professional space, expanding career opportunities for women at the same time that their economic and political practices reinforced the constraints of domesticity.

p16 Genetic Testing Has Limited Impact

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
BETSY BATES
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Limited Impact

Rethinking the 1950s

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Delton
Keyword(s):  
The 1950S

On the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
School Psychologist ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

A description of two cases from my time as a school psychologist in the middle of the 1950s forms the background to the following question: Has anything important happened since then in psychological research to help us to a better understanding of how and why individuals think, feel, act, and react as they do in real life and how they develop over time? The studies serve as a background for some general propositions about the nature of the phenomena that concerns us in developmental research, for a summary description of the developments in psychological research over the last 40 years as I see them, and for some suggestions about future directions.

Diaries of Mad Housewives: On Gender Role and Schizophrenia in the 1950s

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
Anthony Schuham
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
The 1950S
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