Brewing Industry Concentration and the Introduction of the Beer Excise in Australia and New Zealand in the Late Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-166
Author(s):  
Brett J. Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Industry Concentration ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
South Wales ◽  
British Colonization ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Beer Production

In the Australian colonies and in New Zealand, British colonization was followed by the development of a flourishing brewing industry. Brewery numbers peaked in each colony in the late nineteenth century. The industry contracted subsequently to a small number of dominant cities, achieving high levels of concentration by the early twentieth century. One significant factor promoting concentration was the beer excise, introduced in each colony in the late nineteenth century. When six colonies combined in 1901 to create the Commonwealth of Australia, the federal government took responsibility for taxation of beer production, adopting a uniform excise rate and applying harsher administrative requirements that affected smaller breweries disproportionately. The operation of the beer excise in each of the Australian colonies (New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland) and in New Zealand, and the later uniform federal tax in Australia, are considered as factors promoting industry concentration.

scholarly journals The Plutarch of Maoriland: James Cowan and Pictures of Old New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Blackley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Full Page ◽  
Late Nineteenth

James Cowan’s Pictures of Old New Zealand (1930) documents the Partridge Collection of paintings by Gottfried Lindauer in full-page, half-tone illustrations accompanied by historical biographies. Lavish by New Zealand’s publishing standards of 1930, the book originated in an earlier, unillustrated guide to the collection overseen by a much younger Cowan in 1901. This essay discusses the genesis of many biographies in manuscripts solicited by Partridge from his friend James Mackay, a “fixer” between Māori and Pākehā worlds in the late nineteenth century who personally knew many of the subjects. It further argues that Cowan’s Pictures of Old New Zealand deserves recognition as the first significant art monograph to be published in New Zealand. 

Affect and the history of masculinities

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Brickell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relational Quality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Purpose – Many scholarly disciplines are currently engaged in a turn to affect, paying close attention to emotion, feeling and sensation. The purpose of this paper is to locate affect in relation to masculinity, time and space. Design/methodology/approach – It suggests that historically, in a range of settings, men have been connected to one another and to women, and these affective linkages tells much about the relational quality and texture of historically experienced masculinities. Findings – Spatial settings, in turn, facilitate, hinder and modify expressions and experiences of affect and social connectedness. This paper will bring space and time into conversation with affect, using two examples from late nineteenth-century New Zealand. Originality/value – If masculinities scholars often focus on what divides men from women and men from each other, the paper might think about how affect connects people.

“Impressions Which Will Never Be Lost”: Missionary Periodicals for Protestant Children in Late-Nineteenth Century Canada and New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-393
Author(s):  
Hugh Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Juvenile Literature ◽  
Child Agency ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Adequate Analysis

Despite extensive engagement, children were invisible in the programs of the nineteenth-century Protestant missionary conferences. By the early 1900s this had noticeably changed as denominations and missionary organizations sought to maximize and enhance juvenile missionary interest. Childhood was the key stage in which to establish habits; the future depended upon “the education of the childhood of the race, in missionary matters as in all others.” Literature was pivotal and periodicals were deemed to be the most effective literary form. They provided the young with “impressions which will never be lost . . . nothing will appeal to the young more strongly than stories from beyond the seas, of strange people who know not of Christ, but who need His gospel.” Juvenile missionary periodicals were ubiquitous in Britain, Europe, and America, but they are still only partially understood. Adult and juvenile literature was qualitatively different so that “any adequate analysis . . . requires to be grounded in an understanding of the construction of childhood in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.” This task remains very much a work in progress. Most recent scholarship tends to discursively situate children's periodicals with respect to religion, culture, and politics. All agree on at least a broad two-fold function: the spiritual and the philanthropic. Periodicals per se were an integral part of a large and pervasive Victorian corpus of juvenile religious and moral literature. At the same time missionary periodicals were different. They emphasized child agency by encouraging a “participatory relationship” between readers and their subject. Children became active agents “in a diaologic relationship with [their] world.”

scholarly journals Men Alone, Men Entwined: Reconsidering Colonial Masculinity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Brickell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Two men pose together in an oval cut-out.  The man on our right stands for the camera and lays his arm against the back of his seated companion.  Both ignore the camera.  They study a book instead, absorbed in the world portrayed by its pages.  The pair shares a moment in time, a space, and also an intimate closeness; these are no men alone.  What is their story, and what does it tell us about men's lives in late-nineteenth-century New Zealand?

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