Foundations and tools of business ethics

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-155
Author(s):  
Christoph Lütge ◽  
Matthias Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Reflective Equilibrium ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Social Intuitionist Model

This chapter introduces the most important interdisciplinary foundations and tools of business ethics. First, the authors discuss the philosophical foundations and concepts. The most important normative ethical theories, the notion of a reflective equilibrium, and several tools for justifying norms under dissent are introduced. Second, economic and socio-scientific foundations and tools are discussed, scrutinizing different concepts of rationality and assessments of social conditions. The importance of dilemma structures lies at the core of this section. Third, the authors present psychological foundations and tools, introducing the behavioral approach to ethics, dual process theory, and Haidt’s social intuitionist model to moral judgment, with its emphasis on the limits of reason for moral judgment. Moreover, the relevance of bounded ethicality in individuals and organizations for business ethics is outlined.

Cognitive Structure of Moral Reasoning, Development, and Evolution With Age and Pathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-57
Author(s):  
Veronique Salvano-Pardieu ◽  
Leïla Oubrahim ◽  
Steve Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Moral Orientation ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
System 1

This chapter presents research on moral judgment from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. First, the authors will present the contribution of Piaget and Kohlberg's work on moral development from childhood to adulthood as well as the work of Gilligan on moral orientation and the difference observed between men and women. Then, the authors will analyze underlying structures of moral judgment in the light of the Dual Process Theory with two systems: system 1: quick, deontological, emotional, intuitive, automatic, and system 2: slow, utilitarian, rational, controlled, involved in human reasoning. Finally, the model of Dual Process Theory will be confronted with data from moral judgment experiments, run on elderly adults with Alzheimer's disease, teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and children and teenagers with intellectual disability in order to understand how cognitive impairment affects the structures and components of moral judgment.

United we stand, divided we fall: Cognition, emotion, and the moral link between them

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Manfrinati
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
The Brain

AbstractContrary to Greene's dual-process theory of moral judgment (Greene 2013), this commentary suggests that the network view of the brain proposed by Pessoa, in which emotion and cognition may be used as labels in the context of certain behaviors, but will not map clearly into compartmentalized pieces of the brain, could represent a better explanation of the rationale behind people's moral behavior.

Beyond Point-and-Shoot Morality: Why Cognitive (Neuro)Science Matters for Ethics

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Moral Theory ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Normative Ethics ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Bright Future

Abstract In this article I explain why cognitive science (including some neuroscience) matters for normative ethics. First, I describe the dual-process theory of moral judgment and briefly summarize the evidence supporting it. Next I describe related experimental research examining influences on intuitive moral judgment. I then describe two ways in which research along these lines can have implications for ethics. I argue that a deeper understanding of moral psychology favors certain forms of consequentialism over other classes of normative moral theory. I close with some brief remarks concerning the bright future of ethics as an interdisciplinary enterprise.

Reflective Knowledge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chienkuo Mi ◽  
Shane Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Extended Cognition ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Reflective Knowledge ◽  
Epistemological Disjunctivism ◽  
Recent Account

In this paper, we defend the claim that reflective knowledge is necessary for extended knowledge. We begin by examining a recent account of extended knowledge provided by Palermos and Pritchard (2013). We note a weakness with that account and a challenge facing theorists of extended knowledge. The challenge that we identify is to articulate the extended cognition condition necessary for extended knowledge in such a way as to avoid counterexample from the revamped Careless Math Student and Truetemp cases. We consider but reject Pritchard’s (2012b) epistemological disjunctivism as providing a model for doing so. Instead, we set out an account of reflection informed by Confucianism and dual-process theory. We make the case that reflective knowledge offers a way of overcoming the challenge identified. We show why such knowledge is necessary for extended knowledge, while building on Sosa’s (2012) account of meta-competence.

scholarly journals Dual Process Theory and Intermediate Effect: Are Faculty and Residents' Performance on Multiple-Choice, Licensing Exam Questions Different?

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Dong ◽  
Steven J. Durning ◽  
Anthony R. Artino ◽  
Cees van der Vleuten ◽  
Eric Holmboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Licensing Examination ◽  
Intermediate Effect

ABSTRACT Background: Clinical reasoning is essential for the practice of medicine. Dual process theory conceptualizes reasoning as falling into two general categories: nonanalytic reasoning (pattern recognition) and analytic reasoning (active comparing and contrasting of alternatives). The debate continues regarding how expert performance develops and how individuals make the best use of analytic and nonanalytic processes. Several investigators have identified the unexpected finding that intermediates tend to perform better on licensing examination items than experts, which has been termed the “intermediate effect.” Purpose: We explored differences between faculty and residents on multiple-choice questions (MCQs) using dual process measures (both reading and answering times) to inform this ongoing debate. Method: Faculty (board-certified internists; experts) and residents (internal medicine interns; intermediates) answered live licensing examination MCQs (U.S. Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 Clinical Knowledge and American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination) while being timed. We conducted repeated analysis of variance to compare the 2 groups on average reading time, answering time, and accuracy on various types of items. Results: Faculty and residents did not differ significantly in reading time [F (1, 35) = 0.01, p = 0.93], answering time [F (1, 35) = 0.60, p = 0.44], or accuracy [F (1, 35) = 0.24, p = 0.63] regardless of easy or hard items. Discussion: Dual process theory was not evidenced in this study. However, this lack of difference between faculty and residents may have been affected by the small sample size of participants and MCQs may not reflect how physicians made decisions in actual practice setting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document