Ceasefire Violations and Crisis Escalation

Line on Fire ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 255-289
Author(s):  
Happymon Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Academic Literature

This chapter argues that there is an empirically evident linkage between ceasefire violations (CFVs) in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and India–Pakistan escalation dynamics. It examines this relationship using empirical evidence since the academic literature on South Asian escalation dynamics seems to, by and large, ignore the crucial links between CFVs and crisis escalation. The chapter also shows that CFVs have a cumulative snowballing effect; once they begin, several things could happen including political rhetoric, military posturing and diplomatic standoff which can lead to more CFVs and even more escalation. This chapter discusses eight cases to show how CFVs by themselves can lead to crisis escalation between India and Pakistan. In doing so, it juxtaposes quantitative data on CFVs and escalation during specific periods to highlight how escalation has resulted from CFVs and how the two have fed off of each other.

Line on Fire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Happymon Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The Past

The India–Pakistan border in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has witnessed repeated ceasefire violations (CFVs) over the past decade. Indeed, with relations between India and Pakistan degrading, CFVs have gone up exponentially. These CFVs have the potential to not only begin a crisis but also escalate an ongoing one. To make things worse, in the event of major violations, political leadership on either side often engage in high-pitched rhetoric some of which even have nuclear undertones. Using fresh empirical data and oral history evidence, this book explains the causes of CFVs on the J&K border and establishes a relationship between CFVs and crisis escalation between India and Pakistan. In doing so, the book further nuances the existing arguments about the escalatory dynamics between the two South Asian nuclear rivals. Furthermore, the book explains ceasefire violations using the concept of ‘autonomous military factors’.

scholarly journals Nexus of Terrorism and Tourism: Empirical evidence from South Asian Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tafazal Kumail ◽  
Wajahat Ali ◽  
Farah Sadiq ◽  
Asif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Countries

Do Unlisted Targets Sell at Discounts?

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1371-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Jaffe ◽  
Jan Jindra ◽  
David J. Pedersen ◽  
Torben Voetmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Jensen’S Inequality ◽  
Jensen's Inequality ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Acquisition Pricing

Academic literature, practitioners, courts, and regulators routinely assert that both private and subsidiary targets sell at discounts relative to public targets. However, the empirical evidence to support this conclusion is thin. Our work alters the methodology from prior research to avoid biases due to both one-sided sample truncation and Jensen’s inequality. Following these changes, we find no evidence that unlisted targets sell at discounts. Our results hold under a number of different approaches and after controlling for known determinants of acquisition pricing.

Program Monitoring and Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Stuart ◽  
Julio Arboleda-Flórez ◽  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Program Delivery ◽  
Program Monitoring ◽  
Academic Literature

Chapter 17 reviews the importance of evaluating anti-stigma programs and suggests that this should be approached with an eye to understanding the key active ingredients of the program as well as identifying things that may not have worked as planned. It addresses how creating a culture of critical reflection is a key to using evaluation findings to improve program delivery. It also argues that a combination of qualitative data and quantitative data is important if a rich understanding of program processes and effects is to be achieved. Finally, it identifies the importance of communicating results widely, in the academic literature and through reports and presentations that are relevant to policy audiences.

South Asian Disabled Women: Negotiating Identities

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
South Asian Women ◽  
Disabled Women

This paper is concerned with the identities of disabled South Asian women within Britain. It presents empirical evidence concerning how disability, gender and ethnicity are negotiated simultaneously for young disabled Muslim and Sikh women. How these identities are negotiated is analysed in the realms of family, religion and marriage drawing on qualitative interviews with the young women, their parents and siblings. The paper argues against ideas of singular identity or the hierarchisation of identities or oppressions. The paper contributes to contemporary debates about how young South Asian women are constructing new forms of identity in Britain.

Varieties of political rhetorical reasoning: norm types, scorekeepers, and political projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-386
Author(s):  
Sasikumar S. Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Peace Enforcement

AbstractHow does rhetoric work in the pursuit of political projects in international relations? This article analyzes how rhetoric-wielding political actors engage in reasoning to bolster their position by drawing upon norms that underwrite interactions, and audiences as scorekeepers evaluate the reasoning by making a series of inferences. I call this mechanism rhetorical reasoning. Building on the existing classification of norms in constructivist international relations (IR) and utilizing three distinct norm types – instrumental, institutional, and moral – I show the different processes through which political actors deploy rhetoric to legitimize and justify political projects and the distinct logics through which scorekeepers make inferences and evaluate the project. This article contributes to IR theories of argumentation by providing a sharp conceptualization of political rhetoric and actor–audience relationships in the game. I illustrate the mechanism of rhetorical reasoning using Brazil's UN peace enforcement operation in Haiti in 2004 to give empirical evidence for the role of institutional norm type in patterns of rhetorical reasoning and contestations in international politics. Paying attention to political rhetoric in the actor–scorekeepers' relationships in this way clarifies important issues regarding the varieties of political projects and the different role of normativity in the game.

scholarly journals Regulatory Cooperation on Cross-Border Banking – Progress and Challenges After the Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. R40-R49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Beck
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Bank Resolution ◽  
Regulatory Cooperation ◽  
Recent Policy

This paper surveys the recent academic literature on the economics of cross-border regulatory cooperation as well as recent policy developments in this area. While institutional arrangements of cross-border regulatory cooperation used to focus on day-to-day supervisory tasks, the crisis has given an impetus to a focus on cooperation at the bank resolution stage, with an array of different cooperation forms. A growing theoretical literature has documented different externalities arising from national supervision of cross-border banks, while empirical evidence has been relatively scarce. The paper concludes with a forward looking agenda both for policy reform and academic research in this area.

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