The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Unified Protocol

Emotion dysregulation—which is often defined as the inability to modulate strong affective states including impulsivity, anger, fear, sadness, and anxiety—is observed in nearly all psychiatric disorders. These include internalizing disorders such as panic disorder and major depression, externalizing disorders such as conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder, and various other disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and borderline personality disorder. Among many affected individuals, precursors to emotion dysregulation appear early in development, and often predate the emergence of diagnosable psychopathology. Collaborative work by Drs. Crowell and Beauchaine, and work by many others, suggests that emotion dysregulation arises from both familial (coercion, invalidation, abuse, neglect) and extrafamilial (deviant peer group affiliations, social reinforcement) mechanisms. These studies point toward strategies for prevention and intervention. The Oxford Handbook of Emotion Dysregulation brings together experts whose work cuts across levels of analysis, including neurobiological, cognitive, and social, in studying emotion dysregulation. Contributing authors describe how early environmental risk exposures shape emotion dysregulation, how emotion dysregulation manifests in various forms of mental illness, and how emotion dysregulation is most effectively assessed and treated. This is the first text to assemble a highly accomplished group of authors to address conceptual issues in emotion dysregulation research; define the emotion dysregulation construct at levels of cognition, behavior, and social dynamics; describe cutting-edge assessment techniques at neural, psychophysiological, and behavioral levels of analysis; and present contemporary treatment strategies. Conceptualizing emotion dysregulation as a core vulnerability to psychopathology is consistent with modern transdiagnostic approaches to diagnosis and treatment, including the Research Domain Criteria and the Unified Protocol, respectively.

scholarly journals Comorbidities and continuities as ontogenic processes: Toward a developmental spectrum model of externalizing psychopathology

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt2) ◽  
pp. 1505-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Beauchaine ◽  
Tiffany McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

AbstractResearch on child and adolescent mental health problems has burgeoned since the inaugural issue of Development and Psychopathology was published in 1989. In the quarter century since, static models of psychopathology have been abandoned in favor of transactional models, following the agenda set by editor Dante Cicchetti and other proponents of the discipline. The transactional approach, which has been applied to autism, depression, self-injury, and delinquency, (a) specifies vulnerabilities and risk factors across multiple levels of analysis spanning genes to cultures, (b) identifies multifinal and equifinal pathways to psychopathology, and (c) transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries. However, as noted by Rutter and Sroufe (2000), specific mechanisms of continuity, discontinuity, and comorbidity of psychopathology must be identified if we wish to understand etiology fully. In this article, we present a model of early-onset externalizing behavior in which comorbidities and continuities are viewed as ontogenic processes: products of complex longitudinal transactions between interdependent individual-level vulnerabilities (e.g., genetic, epigenetic, allostatic) and equally interdependent contextual risk factors (e.g., coercive parenting, deviant peer group affiliations, neighborhood criminality). Through interactions across levels of analysis, some individuals traverse along the externalizing spectrum, beginning with heritable trait impulsivity in preschool and ending in antisociality in adulthood. In describing our model, we note that (a) the approach outlined in the DSM to subtyping externalizing disorders continues to obscure developmental pathways to antisociality, (b) molecular genetics studies will likely not identify meaningful subtypes of externalizing disorder, and (c) ontogenic trait approaches to psychopathology are much more likely to advance the discipline in upcoming years.

Biases in Affective Forecasting and Recall as a Function of Borderline Personality Disorder Features

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-223
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Hughes ◽  
Shireen L. Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Affective Forecasting ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Film Clip ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Negative Affective States

Introduction: The ability to predict emotional experiences, “affective forecasting,” is an essential factor in individuals' decision-making processes. Research has shown that, generally, individuals are inaccurate in their affective forecasts/recollections, and that certain psychological disorders may be related to individual differences in these inaccuracies, or biases. Understanding the role of affective biases in disorders characterized by emotion dysregulation, like Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), may provide important information regarding the sources of said dysregulation. The present study aimed to identify specific or unique patterns in affective forecasting/recall biases as a function of BPD features. Method: Using a sample of undergraduates (n = 185), we compared predicted and recalled affective states with actual affect following a sadness-evoking film clip. We predicted that higher levels of BPD features would be associated with greater affective forecasting and recall biases. Results: Results indicated that BPD features predicted a specific pattern of forecasting and recall biases regarding the clip. Counter to our hypotheses, as BPD features increased, forecasts/recollections of their affective states following the sadness-evoking film clip were more accurate (less biased). Discussion: Results indicate that BPD features may be related to a specific pattern of bias with negative affective states and warrant further study. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that disorder-specific patterns of forecasting/recall bias can be studied with a laboratory-based paradigm.

Rumination in Borderline Personality Disorder: Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara J. Richman ◽  
Zsolt Unoka ◽  
Robert Dudas ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Self Harm

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by deficits in emotion regulation and affective liability. Of this domain, ruminative behaviors have been considered a core feature of emotion dysregulation difficulties. Despite this, inconsistencies have existed in the literature regarding which rumination type is most prominent in those with BPD symptoms. Moreover, no meta-analytic review has been performed to date on rumination in BPD. Taking this into consideration, a meta-analysis was performed to assess how BPD symptoms correlate with rumination, while also considering clinical moderator variables (i.e., BPD symptom domain, co-morbidities, GAF score) and demographic moderator variables (i.e., age, gender, sample type, and education level). Analysis of correlation across rumination domains for the entire sample revealed a medium overall correlation between BPD symptoms and rumination. When assessing types of rumination, the largest correlation was among pain rumination followed by anger, depressive, and anxious rumination. Among BPD symptom domain, affective instability had the strongest correlation with increased rumination, followed by unstable relationships, identity disturbance, and self-harm/ impulsivity, respectively. Demographic variables showed no significance. Clinical implications are considered and further therapeutic interventions are discussed in the context of rumination.

Emotion Dysregulation and Externalizing Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Tiffany M. Shader ◽  
Theodore P. Beauchaine
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
And Function

As described in the literature for many years, a sizable number of children with hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes/presentations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—especially males—progress to more serious externalizing syndromes across development. Such outcomes include oppositional defiant disorder, conduct problems, delinquency, substance use disorders, and in some cases antisocial personality disorder, incarceration, and recidivism. This chapter summarizes a developmental model that emphasizes different contributions of trait impulsivity, a highly heritable, subcortically mediated vulnerability, versus emotion dysregulation, a highly socialized, cortically mediated vulnerability, to externalizing progression. According to this perspective, trait impulsivity confers vulnerability to all externalizing disorders, but this vulnerability is unlikely to progress beyond ADHD in protective environments. In contrast, for children who are reared under conditions of adversity—including poverty, family violence, deviant peer influences, and neighborhood violence/criminality—neurodevelopment of prefrontal cortex structure and function is compromised, resulting in failures to achieve age-expected gains in emotion regulation and other forms of executive control. For these children, subcortical vulnerabilities to trait impulsivity are amplified by deficient cortical modulation, which facilitates progression along the externalizing spectrum.

scholarly journals Deficits of Affect Mentalization in Patients with Drug Addiction: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetoslav Savov ◽  
Nikola Atanassov
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Psychodynamically Oriented

Traditionally treated with wariness, drug addictions have provoked a serious interest in psychodynamically oriented clinicians in recent decades. This paper discusses the development of contemporary psychodynamic conceptualizations of addictions, focusing specifically on mentalization-based theories. The concept of mentalization refers to a complex form of self-regulation which includes attribution of psychological meaning to one’s own behavior and affective states, as well as those of the others. We hypothesize that drug-addicted patients have severe impairments in mentalizing, associated with developmental deficits, characteristic for the borderline personality disorder and psychosomatic conditions. Psychodynamic models of mentalization and their corresponding research operationalizations are reviewed, and implications for a contemporary understanding of drug addictions and psychotherapy are drawn. The authors propose that mentalization-oriented theories provide an adequate conceptualization, which is open to empirical testing and has clear and pragmatic guidelines for treatment.

The decay of signs’ semiotic value: A cultural psychology interpretation of the contemporary social scenario

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110272
Author(s):  
Sergio Salvatore ◽  
Arianna Palmieri ◽  
Barbara Cordella ◽  
Salvatore Iuso
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Deep Uncertainty ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychology Theory ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Societal Dynamics ◽  
Political Turmoil

The article provides an analysis of the affective polarization of the public sphere, namely, the increasing momentum gained by affective sensemaking in the current socio-institutional scenario (e.g. raise of populism, distrust in democracy and spreading xenophobia). To this end, the Semiotic Cultural Psychology Theory (SCPT) is outlined. The SCPT focuses on the embodied micro-mechanisms bridging the intra- and inter-psychological levels of analysis of the semiotic dynamics. The article is composed of two parts. First, the SCPT is outlined in terms of its nine underlying tenets. Then, SCPT is used to frame an interpretation of the psycho-social dynamics underpinning the current socio-political scenario. Based on the SCPT model, the spread of affective sensemaking in current societal dynamics is interpreted as being due to the capacity of affects to work as semiotic stabilizers, enabling people to face the deep uncertainty fostered by the economic and political turmoil associated with globalization.

scholarly journals The neurodevelopmental trajectory of Borderline Personality Disorder: a review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhan R Edinboro ◽  
Tobias Nolte ◽  
Iris Vilares
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Model

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a complex psychological condition characterised by affective instability, cognitive impairment, problematic behaviours and social dysfunction. Due to the variability in symptomatic profiles, efforts have recently been directed towards comprehending the disorder from a neurological standpoint within the aforementioned domains. Although adolescent-onset BPD is now reliably diagnosed as the adult-onset variant, a limited number of studies address the neural correlates of first presentation BPD. Moreover, research investigating the outcomes of therapeutic interventions on brain function and morphology is scarce. Preliminary findings consistently cite the involvement of grey matter deficiencies of the orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala in the neuropathology of BPD. Additionally, frontolimbic white matter deficits are thought to be implicated. Functionally, over-activity in limbic regions such as the cingulate cortices and amygdala are believed to partially account for emotion dysregulation, though the neural correlates of cognitive, social and behavioural impairments are relatively poorly understood. The present review will endeavour to evaluate the existing neurobiological evidence for BPD in adolescence as well as adulthood. Finally, a rudimentary neurodevelopmental model of BPD will be proposed.

scholarly journals I, Thou, and the Sphere Between: Reflections on Dancing Difference in One Direction

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah S. Schwadron
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Creative Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Performance Project

This paper addresses the subjects of dance and exile in relation to diverse cultural histories in Germany and their resonances across distinct time periods. As my central example, I introduce Dancing Exile, an ongoing improvisation and performance project developed across borders, cultures, and experiences. The project underscores the work of political and artistic representation past and present in Hamburg, by looking at the lives of contemporary refugees alongside earlier Jewish holocaust histories tied to the cityscape. Sharing the collaborative work of performers from Afghanistan, Germany, and the US, including myself, I discuss the aesthetic and social dynamics of this ongoing creative project in relation to questions of migration, mobility, relationship, and exchange.

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