Peasant Houses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Suggett
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
High Status ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Late Medieval England

Archaeology (excavation, building survey, scientific dating) has established that peasant houses in much of Britain had a durability that was probably exceptional in late medieval Europe. Peasant houses in late medieval England and Wales (Scotland and Ireland were more complex) were not self-built homes but professionally made by craftsmen, and a central aspect of material culture. Building the late medieval peasant house was an aspect of consumption that entailed important choices relating to expenditure, construction, and, above all, the plan that structured household life. The widespread adoption by peasants of the hierarchical hall-house plan was in part an appropriation of high-status housing culture and inseparable from the construction and maintenance of free peasant social identity. The eventual rejection of the hall-house in the sixteenth century ended a peasant building tradition that had begun in the thirteenth century and matured during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Plowshares and Swords: Clerical Involvement in Acts of Violence and Peacemaking in Late Medieval England,c.1400–1536

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Thiery
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
Reformation England ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
The Village ◽  
Parish Priests

“My men should use their swords and bucklers…but if John Stanshaw is in one alehouse then I will be in another.”To historians of medieval and Reformation England, these lines should not be all that surprising. Throughout the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, the heyday of livery and maintenance, ritualized effrontery was in vogue among the affluent and they often employed large retinues of armed servants as signs of potency and prestige. However, it may surprise some to learn that the above statement was uttered by a priest, Geoffrey Elys, vicar of Thatcham (Berks.), around the beginning of the sixteenth century. Though the medieval Church tirelessly struggled to convince its flock of the wickedness of interpersonal aggression, its own servants were not immune to bouts of conflict and strife. As R. N. Swanson cautions in his study of parish priests, the clergy “can be considered as a group; but they were also individuals who created their own careers and had their own personal relations with their parishioners.” Indeed, the conduct of clerics in their parish communities, especially their violent conduct, can be quite baffling if one only evaluates it by the criteria of ecclesiastical proscription and fails to recognize that such proscription was just one thick strand of an intricate web of relations and expectations. In his examination of thirteenth-century parish priesthood, J. Goering has traced the transition of pastors from merely members of the village to semi-detached individuals who were compelled to abide by both village customs and the values of a more unified and doctrinally authoritative Church.

scholarly journals Trinitarian Hagiography in Late Medieval England: Rewriting St Robert of Knaresborough in Latin Verse

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 74-95
Author(s):  
Hazel J. Hunter Blair
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Holy Trinity ◽  
Latin Verse ◽  
Weberian Theory ◽  
Late Medieval England

The Order of the Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives (or Trinitarian Order) is one of the least studied continental religious groups to have expanded into thirteenth-century England. This article examines shifting notions of Trinitarian redemption in late medieval England through the prism of the order's writing about Yorkshire hermit St Robert of Knaresborough (d. 1218). Against the Weberian theory of the routinization of charisma, it demonstrates that Robert's inspirational sanctity was never bound too rigidly by his Trinitarian hagiographers, who rather co-opted his unstable charisma in distinct yet complementary ways to facilitate institutional reinvention and spiritual flourishing in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Print, Orality and Communications in the Maid of Kent Affair

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
ETHAN H. SHAGAN
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Media ◽  
Oral Communications ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
Elizabeth Barton ◽  
Political Realm

This article explores the printed and oral communications through which the sixteenth-century holy woman Elizabeth Barton publicised her political prophecies against the Henrician Reformation. Authorship of the primary printed account of Barton's early career has been misattributed, leading scholars to underestimate the number of accounts of Barton's miracles which circulated in her lifetime. This observation leads to an analysis of the media apparatus used by Barton and her adherents, which was an expansion into the political realm of the textual and oral networks through which saints' lives and miracles were publicised in late medieval England.

Rhetoric and Politics

2014 ◽  
pp. 328-340
Author(s):  
Virginia Cox
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Political Intent ◽  
The City

It has often been asserted that medieval culture was little concerned with politics as a practical application for rhetoric, at least outside the city republics of central and northern Italy. This chapter argues that robust and self-conscious traditions of political eloquence were more widespread in late medieval Europe than is generally thought, especially following the development of parliaments from the thirteenth century onward. The point is illustrated through a discussion of the speech cultures of the parliaments of Catalonia-Aragon and England. More broadly, the chapter argues that new methodologies are needed to make medieval political rhetoric more historically visible. Nonverbal eloquence must be studied alongside verbal, and it must be recognized that medieval political eloquence is often profoundly nonclassical in form and frequently deploys religious language that may disguise its political intent to the modern eye.

Republican and Monarchical Religion

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Viroli
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Church Community ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Political Body ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Church

This chapter focuses on republican and monarchical religion in late medieval Europe. Republican religion spread in a late medieval Europe dominated by monarchies that, from the thirteenth century on, had endowed themselves with a sacred dimension similar to that of the church. Jurists and political philosophers transferred the concept of corpus mysticum—intended to designate the church community as a body that cannot be seen by the eyes but can only be grasped by the intellect—to the state. Applied to the state, the concept of a mystical body referred mainly, but not exclusively, to the monarchy, where the king is at the head of the mystical-political body, just as Christ or his vicar on earth is at the head of the mystical body of the church. Thus, the main difference between the royal and the republican religion is that the former celebrates an individual mystical body—the king; the latter celebrates a collective mystical body—the republic.

The Krajina Project: Exploring the Ottoman–Hapsburg Borderland

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD CARLTON ◽  
ALAN RUSHWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
High Water ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This chapter summarises the results of the Krajina Project, which was established in 1998 to investigate the archaeological remains, material culture and continuing ethnographic legacy of this distinctive late medieval/early modern frontier society. The project has focused on an area in the north-west corner of Bosnia-Herzegovina, between Kladuŝa and Bihać, known as the Bihaćka Krajina. This was one of the last districts in the region to be conquered by the Ottoman state, not falling to the sultan's forces until the late sixteenth century — a territorial high water mark. The ethnographic evidence provides significant insights into the continuing legacy of the Ottoman-Hapsburg frontier in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

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