Language Attrition as a Special Case of Processing Change

The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.7 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 72-87

Author(s):

Michael Sharwood Smith

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Processing ◽

Language Processing ◽

Language Attrition ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Knowledge Representations ◽

Language Representation ◽

Research Findings ◽

Processing Mechanisms ◽

Special Case ◽

Over Time

This chapter examines the ways in which language processing has been treated in both the attrition and the acquisition literature, embedding the discussion within a wider view of how knowledge representations change over time. Even where particular types of language representation are understood to be governed by principles unique to language, attrition must be seen as a manifestation of general cognitive processing principles as well. For this you need a framework that allows many different strands of research to be carried out within a single, detailed, workable, unified account. This can lead to richer and more reliable explanations of research findings. The chapter will employ such a framework to examine language attrition with regard to 1) the nature and operation of language processing mechanisms; 2) how these relate to other types of cognitive processing; 3) how processing acts as the driver of representational change.

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Multilingualism and Ageing

Brill Research Perspectives in Multilingualism and Second Language Acquisition ◽

10.1163/2352877x-12340003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 1-98

Author(s):

Kees de Bot ◽

Charlotta Plejert ◽

Hanne Gram Simonsen ◽

Valantis Fyndanis ◽

Pernille Hansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Language Processing ◽

Language Use ◽

Large Range ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Language And Communication ◽

The Media ◽

University Of Oslo ◽

The University ◽

Over Time

Abstract This publication provides an overview of research on a large range of topics relating to language processing and language use from a life-span perspective. It is unique in covering and combining psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic approaches, discussing questions such as: Is it beneficial to speak more than one language when growing old? How are languages processed in multilingual persons, and how does this change over time? What happens to language and communication in multilingual aphasia or dementia? How is multilingual ageing portrayed in the media? It is a joint, cross-disciplinary venture of researchers from the Centre for Multilingualism in Society across the Lifespan at The University of Oslo and the editors of this publication.

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How Sales Promotions Change Over Time

GfK Marketing Intelligence Review ◽

10.2478/gfkmir-2014-0027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 53-57

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Research Articles ◽

Sales Promotions ◽

Marketing Practice ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Research Findings ◽

Over Time

Abstract In our new section, “MIR Forum”, we build a bridge between our research articles and marketing practice. Managers from successful companies discuss the relevance of the research findings and report on their own activities in specific branches of marketing.

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Do student perceptions of their dental curriculum change over time?

Journal of Dental Education ◽

10.1002/j.0022-0337.1998.62.11.tb03260.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 934-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NW Berk ◽

JM Close ◽

RJ Weyant

Keyword(s):

Student Perceptions ◽

Curriculum Change ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Dental Curriculum ◽

Over Time

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Cognitive Processing of Miscommunication in Interactive Listening: An Evaluation of Listener Indecision and Cognitive Effort

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00128 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Roche ◽

Arkady Zgonnikov ◽

Laura M. Morett

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Language Processing ◽

Cognitive Effort ◽

Mouse Tracking ◽

Computer Mouse ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Computer Mouse Tracking ◽

Listening Task ◽

Processing Effort

Purpose The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the social and cognitive underpinnings of miscommunication during an interactive listening task. Method An eye and computer mouse–tracking visual-world paradigm was used to investigate how a listener's cognitive effort (local and global) and decision-making processes were affected by a speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication. Results Experiments 1 and 2 found that an environmental cue that made a miscommunication more or less salient impacted listener language processing effort (eye-tracking). Experiment 2 also indicated that listeners may develop different processing heuristics dependent upon the speaker's use of ambiguity that led to a miscommunication, exerting a significant impact on cognition and decision making. We also found that perspective-taking effort and decision-making complexity metrics (computer mouse tracking) predict language processing effort, indicating that instances of miscommunication produced cognitive consequences of indecision, thinking, and cognitive pull. Conclusion Together, these results indicate that listeners behave both reciprocally and adaptively when miscommunications occur, but the way they respond is largely dependent upon the type of ambiguity and how often it is produced by the speaker.

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