Psychotic experiences, cognition, and neurodevelopment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Fonville ◽  
Josephine Mollon
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Over Time

Psychotic experiences (PEs) are an expression of psychotic traits at levels below the traditionally high threshold of clinical significance and are far more prevalent in the general population. These symptoms typically dissipate over time, but the presence of PEs is associated with an elevated risk of developing a clinical psychotic disorder, such as schizophrenia. In addition, PEs show associations with neuropsychological impairment and disturbances in brain structure and function. It is thought that PEs are driven by similar neurodevelopmental and environmental mechanisms, but it is unclear how similar the underlying pathways are. This chapter will discuss the cognitive difficulties and differences in brain structure and function associated with PEs. Then, it will examine these in relation to typical neurodevelopment and the course of impairment towards clinical psychotic disorders.

Neuroimaging of Psychotic Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 256-268
Author(s):  
Stephan Heckers ◽  
Neil Woodward ◽  
Dost ÖNgür
Keyword(s):  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Function

Neuroimaging studies of brain structure and function have significantly advanced our understanding of psychotic disorders by capturing the pathology with brain images. This chapter provides an overview of the neuroimaging studies of psychotic disorders (mainly schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder). This will focus on meta-analyses and comprehensive reviews, but will include some seminal studies that have shaped the current understanding of psychotic disorders. The ability to study brain structure and function repeatedly and to correlate it with cognitive and clinical outcomes are unique strengths of neuroimaging studies and will ensure a prominent position of this research methodology in the study of psychotic disorders.

Effects Of Exercise-induced Hypohydration On Brain Structure And Function, A MRI Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. r. Tan ◽  
Ivan C. C. Low ◽  
Mary C. Stephenson ◽  
T. Kok ◽  
Heinrich W. Nolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
And Function

Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure and Gulf War Illness on Brain Structure and Function: A study at 4T

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Chao ◽  
Linda Abadjian ◽  
Jennifer Hlavin ◽  
Deiter J. Meyerhoff ◽  
Michael W. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Gulf War Illness ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Magnetic Resonance Microscopy in Basic Studies of Brain Structure and Function,b

1997 ◽  
Vol 820 (1 Imaging Brain) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ALLAN JOHNSON ◽  
HELENE BENVENISTE ◽  
ROBERT T. ENGELHARDT ◽  
HUI QIU ◽  
LAURENCE W. HEDLUND
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Microscopy ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
And Function

Differential effects of the ApoE4 genotype on brain structure and function

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Matura ◽  
David Prvulovic ◽  
Alina Jurcoane ◽  
Daniel Hartmann ◽  
Julia Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Interactions between monoamine oxidase A rs1137070 and smoking on brain structure and function in male smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 2201-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhujing Shen ◽  
Peiyu Huang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Wei Qian ◽  
Xiao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase A ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Culture Wires the Brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Park ◽  
Chih-Mao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structure ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Cultural Experiences ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

There is clear evidence that sustained experiences may affect both brain structure and function. Thus, it is quite reasonable to posit that sustained exposure to a set of cultural experiences and behavioral practices will affect neural structure and function. The burgeoning field of cultural psychology has often demonstrated the subtle differences in the way individuals process information—differences that appear to be a product of cultural experiences. We review evidence that the collectivistic and individualistic biases of East Asian and Western cultures, respectively, affect neural structure and function. We conclude that there is limited evidence that cultural experiences affect brain structure and considerably more evidence that neural function is affected by culture, particularly activations in ventral visual cortex—areas associated with perceptual processing.

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