Dependent Personality Disorder

2012 ◽  
pp. 504-526
Author(s):  
Robert F. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Dependent Personality Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dependent Personality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Dependent personality disorder (DPD) diagnostic criteria have evolved considerably during the past 60 years, and researchers continue to explore the etiology and dynamics of problematic dependency in children, adolescents, and adults. This chapter reviews theoretical, clinical, and empirical writings on trait dependency and DPD. After tracing the evolution of DPD in successive editions of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), I discuss epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and comorbidity. Following a brief review of widely used assessment tools, influential theoretical frameworks for conceptualizing dependency and DPD are examined, along with research relevant to each framework. Three contemporary DPD treatment approaches (psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive) are described, and current trends in dependency research are discussed. These include exploration of the factors that underlie gender differences in DPD, maladaptive and adaptive expressions of dependency, dependency and aging, implicit and self-attributed dependency, health consequences of dependency, the dependency-attachment relationship, and DPD in the DSM-5.

Epidemiology of gender dysphoria and transgender identity

Sexual Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Transgender Identity ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Stability

This review provides an update on the epidemiology of gender dysphoria and transgender identity in children, adolescents and adults. Although the prevalence of gender dysphoria, as it is operationalised in the fifth edtion of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), remains a relatively ‘rare’ or ‘uncommon’ diagnosis, there is evidence that it has increased in the past couple of decades, perhaps reflected in the large increase in referral rates to specialised gender identity clinics. In childhood, the sex ratio continues to favour birth-assigned males, but in adolescents, there has been a recent inversion in the sex ratio from one favouring birth-assigned males to one favouring birth-assigned females. In both adolescents and adults, patterns of sexual orientation vary as a function of birth-assigned sex. Recent studies suggest that the prevalence of a self-reported transgender identity in children, adolescents and adults ranges from 0.5 to 1.3%, markedly higher than prevalence rates based on clinic-referred samples of adults. The stability of a self-reported transgender identity or a gender identity that departs from the traditional male–female binary among non-clinic-based populations remains unknown and requires further study.

Comparison of Three Questionnaires to Screen for Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents and Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne van Alebeek ◽  
Paul T. van der Heijden ◽  
Christel Hessels ◽  
Melissa S.Y. Thong ◽  
Marcel van Aken
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract. One of the most common personality disorders among adolescents and young adults is the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). The objective of current study was to assess three questionnaires that can reliably screen for BPD in adolescents and young adults (N = 53): the McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD; Zanarini et al., 2003 ), the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4th edition – BPD scale (PDQ-4 BPD; Hyler, 1994 ), and the SCID-II Patient Questionnaire – BPD scale (SCID-II-PQ BPD). The nine criteria of BPD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV; APA, 1994 ) were measured with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders – BPD scale (SCID-II; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, & Benjamin, 1995 ). Correlations between the questionnaires and the SCID-II were calculated. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaires were tested. All instruments predicted the BPD diagnosis equally well.

Functional Analysis of Intermittently Reinforced Behaviour: A Case Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Tustin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
New Method ◽  
Dependent Personality Disorder ◽  
Dependent Personality ◽  
Standard Problem ◽  
Using Data

AbstractFunctional analysis is used to identify potential reinforcers by generating hypotheses about possible functions of a behaviour. Current methods of functional analysis emphasise observations of events, especially consequences, that occur in the immediate environment of the behaviour. While these methods are well suited for assessing behaviour that is reinforced frequently, they are less appropriate for assessing behaviour that is reinforced only intermittently. A new method for conducting functional analysis is presented that is designed to assess intermittently reinforced behaviour. The new method is illustrated using data that were gathered from an extension of a standard problem-solving format. Data are interpreted using the principle of revealed preference that arose from behavioural economics. The revealed preference method is illustrated using information provided by a client with a dependent personality disorder.

ICD-11 and DSM-5 personality trait domains capture categorical personality disorders: Finding a common ground

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Bach ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Mathias Skjernov ◽  
Erik Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Domain Models

Objective: The five personality disorder trait domains in the proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition are comparable in terms of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism/Dissociality and Disinhibition. However, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model includes a separate domain of Anankastia, whereas the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition model includes an additional domain of Psychoticism. This study examined associations of International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition trait domains, simultaneously, with categorical personality disorders. Method: Psychiatric outpatients ( N = 226) were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders Interview and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition trait domain scores were obtained using pertinent scoring algorithms for the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. Associations between categorical personality disorders and trait domains were examined using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: Both the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition domain models showed relevant continuity with categorical personality disorders and captured a substantial amount of their information. As expected, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model was superior in capturing obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, whereas the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition model was superior in capturing schizotypal personality disorder. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that little information is ‘lost’ in a transition to trait domain models and potentially adds to narrowing the gap between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition and the proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition model. Accordingly, the International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition domain models may be used to delineate one another as well as features of familiar categorical personality disorder types. A preliminary category-to-domain ‘cross walk’ is provided in the article.

Rethinking Dependent Personality Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 197 (11) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuJu Chen ◽  
Margaret E. Nettles ◽  
Shun-Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Dependent Personality Disorder ◽  
Dependent Personality

Latent structure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition personality disorder criteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Nestadt ◽  
Fang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Jack Samuels ◽  
O. Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
Irving Reti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual
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