Orientalism and the American Belly Dancer

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Deagon
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
First Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Belly Dance ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Twenty First Century

Belly dance was introduced into America by Turkish and Arab dancers, who established the structure and aesthetics of the dance. Appropriated by non-Arab dancers for recreation and personal growth, belly dance has promulgated sensualized Orientalism and gained public notoriety that is problematic and even offensive to those whose culture it apparently represents. This chapter explores three manifestations of belly dance in America: recreational, in which “Arab” aspects are obscured or romanticized; tribal, which entangles the “Arab” and the “primitive” using Middle Eastern elements to evoke an archetypal tribe; and “Arab-centered” (Egyptian),based on the styles and aesthetics of Arab dancers. In the twenty-first century, America’s sensual, fantasy Orientalism fuels the expansion of recreational belly dance beyond the Western world. This appropriated, hybridized dance both fosters the misrepresentation of Arab culture and offers the potential for genuine artistic and cultural exchange with the Arab cultures that inspired it.

Leadership competencies for the 21st century: a review from the Western world literature

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Major Ngayo Fotso
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
First Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decision Choices ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

Purpose The proliferation of studies on leadership competencies have not yet provided a consistent set to guide the work of researchers and practitioners. This paper aims to generate a clear, literature-based overview of the relevant leadership competencies for the twenty-first century. Design/methodology/approach The paper is an integrative literature review and identifies four strands of literature on leadership, reaching back to traditional works. It reviews each strand to establish which leadership competencies remain relevant for the twenty-first century. Findings This paper shows it is essential to clarify and harmonize terminology used in leadership literature. It identifies 18 groups of leadership competencies required for the twenty-first century. The research reveals that leaders of the twenty-first century must be able to combine a strong concern for people, customer experience, digitalization, financialization and the general good. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on a non-exhaustive list of literature derived from studies published in Western journals, written in English. Future research should include papers beyond the confines of Western academia and entail fieldwork to test the comprehensive framework derived here. Practical implications This paper will help practitioners develop leadership training curricula and transform the leadership culture in their organizations. The competency list can be useful in recruitment and selection processes for leadership positions. Professionals will find it helpful as an index in self-diagnosis and personal development for their career decision choices. Originality/value The paper addresses the growing need for clarity on the required leadership competencies for the twenty-first century.

What Happened to the Christian Home? The Missing Component of Mission Theory

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-340
Author(s):  
Dana L. Robert
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Interviews ◽  
Twenty First Century

One of the most important mission theories for the past two centuries has been the idea of the “Christian home.” Historical research, interviews with current missionaries, and studies of Christianity in the non-western world all show that the Christian home remains a central metaphor for how women conceptualize what it means to be a witness for Christ. In this paper, I will discuss why the Christian home remains important for mission practice, examine reasons for its omission from academic discussions of mission theory, look briefly at its history and changing definition, and conclude by urging that the Christian home be a renewed priority in discussions of missionary contextualization for the twenty-first century.

Adapt or Die: Futureproofing the Twenty-first Century

Futureproof ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 227-250
Author(s):  
Jon Coaffee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Emergency Planning ◽  
First Century ◽  
Western World ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Media Portrayals ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Policy Communities ◽  
City Planners

This chapter focuses on futureproofing in the twenty-first century. Here, resilience is employed everywhere in the Western world as the futureproofing strategy of choice. In the light of 9/11, it became necessary to articulate how we manage and govern risk given that ‘we live, think and act in concepts that are historically obsolete but which nonetheless continue to govern our thinking and acting’. Although implementation methods differ depending on what is being made resilient, politicians constantly proclaim the need to enhance it, city planners and engineers are constantly being urged to adopt it, while individuals and communities are told they need to have more of it. Professional associations have rapidly incorporated resilience ideas into their existing frameworks of action for sustainability, risk management or emergency planning, in many cases extending their scale and ambition. Resilience has been further incorporated into the modus operandi of numerous policy communities and is almost ubiquitous in media portrayals and political sound bites of the latest crisis or disaster.

Emergent Masculinities in the Middle East

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia C. Inhorn
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
First Century ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Twenty First Century

This concluding chapter discusses the need to rethink masculinity not only in America but in the Middle East as well. This rethinking is especially crucial, because so many Americans are, in fact, Islamophobic, carrying with them pernicious stereotypes about Middle Eastern men as particularly dangerous, loathsome, and fanatical. The main goal of the book is to provide a more realistic and humanizing portrayal of Middle Eastern men's lives, through a form of person-centered, empirically based ethnography that elucidates men's reproductive life stories, as told in their own words. Through such stories, people can come to appreciate Middle Eastern men not only as men but as good men, who are facing the twenty-first century in thoughtful, respectful, and locally moral ways.

Introduction

Saw ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Benjamin Poole
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
First Century ◽  
Horror Film ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Twenty First Century

This introductory chapter provides an overview of SAW (2004). SAW is a horror film that is entirely representative of the era that created it: the early twenty-first century witnessed a threatened America whose national confidence was shattered, and shady Middle Eastern wars played out in abject images of torture and suffering. Like the aeons of horror tales that precede it, the film is an essay in morality as well as mortality; its antagonist cleaves to a logical, if bloody moral code, while no victim is wholly without guilt. As with all of the best horror, SAW is interested in the spiritual and physical potential of the human body and soul. This aspect of gratification is abundantly evident in the gross extremities of SAW's survival horror. The particular focus is sadism and body trauma, which the film details with surgical precision.

scholarly journals Introduction: Learning to be Muslim in West Africa. Islamic Engagements with Diversity and Difference

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insa Nolte
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
First Century ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Western Education ◽  
Christian Institutions ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Secular State

In West Africa, Muslim learning has historically been shaped by two key engagements: the participation in wider Islamic debates and the co-existence with non-Muslims. In the twentieth and twenty-first century, Islamic education in West Africa was transformed by the imposition of the secular state and Western education. But as Muslims encountered secularism and Christianity, they also increasingly drew on pedagogies that emanated from Middle Eastern and Asian Islam. The articles in this Special Issue illustrate that as Islamic scholars and leaders from different backgrounds engaged simultaneously with the diversity of global Islam and the growing presence of secular and Christian institutions, they developed a multiplicity of educational practices and visions. Thus learning to be Muslim in West Africa reflects both the engagement with Islamic discourse and debates about the boundaries of Islam.

scholarly journals Personhood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Prole ◽  
Goran Rujević ◽  
George Arabatzis ◽  
Una Popović ◽  
George Boutlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
First Century ◽  
Philosophical Dialogue ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The Ideal

 The motives for bringing about the Hellenic-Serbian Dialogue Series originate from the sentiment that mutual relations between Greeks and Sebs far surpass the cultural exchange between Greece and Serbia. Knowing that cooperation does not simply fall into one’s lap, but must be initiated by human will and energy, a group of philosophers from Athens and Novi Sad, the proverbial “Athens of Serbia,” committed themselves to improving this state of affairs, at least within the confines of their area of expertise, philosophy. It is our firm intent to carry out the promise of the title of this series in the following years. Apart from mere cooperation between our two institutions, our aim is also to facilitate an international dialogue that would involve a wide range of thinkers, regardless of their place of employment. The topic of this second volume is personhood, which was spurred on by the need to investigate the condition of humanity in the twenty-first century. With this second volume of the Hellenic-Serbian Philosophical Dialogue Series we have done our best to produce a rich, multi-faceted, broadly scoped, and inspiring book; we wish it becomes for the reader the ideal vehicle for an intellectually stimulating journey.

Zaha Hadid, genius of the place*

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-287
Author(s):  
Mohammad ‘Aref
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
First Century ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Computer Assisted Design ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Structural Engineers

After a startling and meteoric rise to fame, Arab Iraqi-born architect Zaha Hadid is one of the most sought after and in-demand architects of the twenty-first century. Hadid's work, which often defies description, draws on a diverse palette of influences including Soviet Constructivism, Suprematism, and what her colleague Patrick Shumacher has termed ‘Parametricism’. At the same time, Hadid's work – she studied under Rem Koolhaas – is infused on multiple levels with her Arab culture and identity. Originally more famous for her designs and un-built works, those which have been constructed or are on the verge of completion span the globe from China to Azerbaijan to Europe, the US and – more recently – the Arab world. She is the recipient of some of architecture's most prestigious awards including the Pritzker Prize. Simultaneously, Hadid has met with controversy and obstacles to her single-minded approach to design and utilization of space in both Europe and the Arab world. This article contains previously unpublished interviews – which examine her approach to form and space, her relation to computer-assisted design, as well as her Iraqi identity – undertaken with Zaha Hadid by the author over a decade, as well as photographs and illustrations of her paradigmatic work that pose serious challenges and hurdles for structural engineers and builders, while engaging all those who view or encounter them to assess their own relation to space and concepts of it.

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