The paper describes the problems of structural changes and structural policy within the framework of the relation between economic growth and structural changes, with attention given to the explanation of the principal growth and restructuring functions and their agents in the transition process. The basic alternative approaches to structural policy and their limits in achieving the designed goals are presented, including more general problems accompanying the structurally oriented economic policy-making. The paper is concluded with consideration of structural policy priorities in the transition process, and in support of adjustment capacity, influencing the costs of necessary structural changes.