Endocrinology: Immunohistochemical sex steroid receptor distribution in endometrium from long-term subdermal levonorgestrel users and during the normal menstrual cycle

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1632-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary O.D. Critchley ◽  
Deborah A. Bailey ◽  
Chak L. Au ◽  
Biran Affandi ◽  
Peter A.W. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Steroid Receptor ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Receptor Distribution

Short- and long-term fluctuations in plasma prolactin concentration in normal subjects

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Djursing ◽  
Claus Hagen ◽  
Jan Møller ◽  
Claus Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract. The physiological changes in plasma prolactin concentration were studied in 447 normal subjects, including 65 men, 75 pre-menopausal women and 307 post-menopausal women. The within-day and day-to-day variation as well as the circadian and circannual rhythm of plasma prolactin levels were determined. Furthermore, the relationship between changes in prolactin and oestradiol-17β levels during the normal menstrual cycle and in the climacteric was studied. Pre-menopausal women had significantly (P<0.01) higher basal plasma prolactin concentration than men and post-menopausal women. Furthermore, they had significantly (P < 0.01) higher day-to-day variation than men. This suggests that prolactin in women is secreted in a pulsatile fashion. Only small seasonal variations in both sexes were seen. The levels of plasma prolactin during the ovulatory and the luteal phase in the cycle were significantly (P < 0.02) higher than that of the follicular phase, and a positive correlation between changes in plasma concentration of oestradiol-17β and prolactin was found. Also in post-menopausal women a relationship between plasma concentration of prolactin and oestradiol-17β was seen. It is concluded that the assessment of prolactin concentration in blood is dependent on the physiological variation recorded during sleep in both sexes. However, only in women day-to-day changes and the changes related to the menstrual cycle and the climacteric are of importance.

Estradiol and progesterone levels in the endometrium and the reproductive tract luminal washing during the pre-implantation stages of gestation in the rhesus monkey

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ghosh ◽  
Jayasree Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Hormonal Milieu ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Estradiol Concentration

Abstract. To obtain an understanding of the sex steroid hormonal milieu during early gestation, the concentrations of estradiol-17β and progesterone were measured in endometria and reproductive tract luminal fluids collected during the post-ovulatory period (days 2 to 6) of conception, and of non-mated menstrual cycles of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Estradiol content was found to be higher (P< 0.05) in endometria obtained from conception cycles; day-wise analysis revealed higher (P< 0.05) level of tissue estradiol concentration on day 6 of post-ovulation as compared with the normal menstrual cycle. Endometrial progesterone content remained, however, unaltered in both groups of monkeys and thus relatively lower (P< 0.05) endometrial progesterone to estradiol ratios were seen on days 4, 5 and 6 of gestation compared with normal menstrual cycle. There were no significant changes in the profiles and concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in luminal washings. The typical sex steroid hormonal milieu observed in the endometrium during the peri-implantation stage of gestation in conception cycle may be related to the endometrial differentiation towards implantation in the rhesus monkey.

The causes and management of endometrial breakthrough bleeding

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hickey ◽  
IS Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Vascular Development ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Breakthrough Bleeding ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle

The term breakthrough bleeding (BTB) is rather poorly defined, but essentially describes the symptom of vaginal bleeding occurring with scheduled periods of withdrawal bleeding, in the absence of pelvic pathology in women taking exogenous sex steroids, usually contraceptives or hormone-replacement therapy (HRT). It may also describe occasional bleeding in those who are predominantly experiencing amenorrhoea due to these preparations. Rather confusingly, the term is sometimes used to describe intermenstrual bleeding in women who are not taking sex steroids, when structural or other pathological causes are more likely. In the absence of such pathology intermenstrual bleeding in the normal menstrual cycle is relatively uncommon, suggesting that exogenous sex steroids can profoundly disrupt the tight regulation of endometrial vascular development, function and breakdown. Intermenstrual bleeding also occurs spontaneously in some women and it is possible that this phenomenon has similar mechanisms to that seen in sex-steroid-related breakthrough bleeding.

scholarly journals Incidence and etiologic factors responsible for anovulation in infertility cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari Singangutti
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Chronic anovulation is a common cause of infertility. Anovulation leads to a long-term problem such as hyperandrogenism. Anovulation usually associated with amenorrhoea about 20% and oligomenorrhoea of women with ovulatory dysfunction. Present study was designed to assess the incidence and etiological factors responsible for anovulation in infertility cases.Methods: Study comprised of one hundred patients attending the outdoor clinic of the department for infertility either primary or secondary with regular and irregular menstrual cycles and patients of secondary amenorrhoea.Results: Among the total cases Polymenorrhoea was seen in 10% of cases, oligomenorrhea in 14% cases, secondary amenorrhoea in 3% and 73% cases had normal menstrual cycle. cervical mucus viscosity in ovulatory group to be low in 84.6% cases, moderate in 8.5% cases and high in 38% cases. In anovulatory cycles findings were reversed with viscosity at 14th day it was moderate in 27.27% and higher in 54.54% cases.Conclusions: Cervical mucus is a good indicator of the cyclical changes in ovarian hormonal as no false positive results were found. Endometrial biopsy is the mainstay in infertility studios as it provides information regarding the ovulating status.

scholarly journals The effect of transdermal oestradiol on bleeding pattern, hormonal profiles and sex steroid receptor distribution in the endometrium of Norplant users

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Boonkasemsanti ◽  
D. Reinprayoon ◽  
K. Pruksananonda ◽  
S. Niruttisard ◽  
S. Triratanachat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Receptor ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Bleeding Pattern ◽  
Hormonal Profiles ◽  
Receptor Distribution

NORMAL DELIVERY IN A CASE OF ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH STEROID DIABETES

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Itelson ◽  
N. M. Kaori ◽  
B. Eckerling
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Adrenogenital Syndrome ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Long Term Therapy

ABSTRACT A case of adrenogenital syndrome associated with steroid diabetes is reported. Long-term therapy with cortisone resulted in ovulation, pregnancy and considerable amelioration of the steroid diabetes. The patient delivered a normal female child. She remains well with a normal menstrual cycle, possibly due to suppression of the adrenal cortex by long-term therapy with cortisone.

scholarly journals Normal Puberty Knowledge and Adolescent Menstrual Cycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
C. Ermayani Putriyanti ◽  
Eka Ratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Knowledge Survey

The degree of understanding of puberty is still very varied. It has an impact on the cleanliness of erroneous menstruation, which will have long-term effects on reproductive health. The study aims to identify adolescent knowledge about normal puberty and menstrual cycles. This research was a quantitative study of observational approach by using the knowledge survey of normal puberty and the menstrual cycle involving 55 students of State Junior High School (SMPN) 1 Parakan, Temanggung, Central Java. The technicality used descriptive statistics. The results of this study revealed that knowledge of the degree of normal paper and the menstrual cycle was still low (21.33%). The main sources of information about puberty and menstruation are thousands (85.5%). Teenagers do not know about the interval between the onset of puberty and menarche (87%), few adolescents understand the first sign of puberty (33%). Most teenagers have understood the normal menstrual cycle correctly (78%). There was no significant relationship between knowledge of the first sign of puberty with respondents' understanding of belief. Meanwhile, there was a significant relationship between menstrual status and knowledge about the menstrual cycle and the number of replacement pads. The results showed that students have a poor understanding of puberty, hence, health education must be given to students and their parents.

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