INTERCHANGING GENETIC MECHANISMS FOR SEX DETERMINATION

1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 307-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
MYRON GORDON
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

scholarly journals Construction of a high-density linkage map and detection of sex-specific markers in Penaeus japonicus

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12390
Author(s):  
Yaqun Zhang ◽  
Chuantao Zhang ◽  
Na Yao ◽  
Jingxian Huang ◽  
Xiangshan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Linkage Map ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Penaeus Japonicus ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Penaeus japonicus is one of the most important farmed shrimp species in many countries. Sexual dimorphism is observed in P. japonicus, in which females grow faster and larger than males; therefore, a unisexual female culture of P. japonicus could improve the efficiency of productivity. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying sex determination in P. japonicus are unclear. In this study, we constructed a high-density genetic linkage map of P. japonicus using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology in a full-sib family. The final map was 3,481.98 cM in length and contained 29,757 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs were distributed on 41 sex-averaged linkage groups, with an average inter-marker distance of 0.123 cM. One haplotype, harboring five sex-specific SNPs, was detected in linkage group 1 (LG1), and its corresponding confidence interval ranged from 211.840 to 212.592 cM. Therefore, this high-density genetic linkage map will be informative for genome assembly and marker-assisted breeding, and the sex-linked SNPs will be helpful for further studies on molecular mechanisms of sex determination and unisexual culture of P. japonicus in the future.

Is sex determination in germ line and soma controlled by separate genetic mechanisms?

Nature ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 272 (5650) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. MARSH ◽  
E. WIESCHAUS
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

scholarly journals Molecular genetic mechanisms, human sex determination levels and disorders of sexual differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-722
Author(s):  
T.I. Shevchuk ◽  
S.S. Khliestova ◽  
S.M. Horbatiuk ◽  
T.B. Vasenko ◽  
O.V. Sprut
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Disorders Of Sexual Differentiation

Annotation. The purpose of this work — an analysis and a summary of results of scientific research on problems of molecular genetic mechanisms and human sex determination levels. Literature analysis was performed in scientometric databases of Google Scholar, MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus for 2014–2018. Sex determination is a complex multi-stage process secured by functional integration of genetic determinants, products thereof, and the conditions of individual development for its realization. Sexual differentiation occurs at genetic, gonadal, hormonal, somatic, psychological and social levels, and disorders at any of them may lead to deviations from normal sex determination.

scholarly journals Inferring the genetic basis of sex determination from the genome of a dioecious nightshade

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wu ◽  
Gregory J. Anderson ◽  
Matthew W. Hahn ◽  
Leonie C. Moyle ◽  
Rafael F. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Family Evolution ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Heterogametic Sex ◽  
Sex Determination System ◽  
Evolution Of Dioecy

ABSTRACTDissecting the genetic mechanisms underlying dioecy (i.e. separate female and male individuals) is critical for understanding the evolution of this pervasive reproductive strategy. Nonetheless, the genetic basis of sex determination remains unclear in many cases, especially in systems where dioecy has arisen recently. Within the economically important plant genus Solanum (∼2000 species), dioecy is thought to have evolved independently at least 4 times across roughly 20 species. Here, we generate the first genome sequence of a dioecious Solanum and use it to ascertain the genetic basis of sex determination in this species. We de novo assembled and annotated the genome of S. appendiculatum (assembly size: ∼750 Mb; scaffold N50: 0.92 Mb; ∼35,000 genes), identified sex-specific sequences and their locations in the genome, and inferred that males in this species are the heterogametic sex. We also analyzed gene expression patterns in floral tissues of males and females, finding ∼100 genes that are differentially expressed between the sexes. These analyses, together with observed patterns of gene-family evolution specific to S. appendiculatum, consistently implicate a suite of genes from the regulatory network controlling pectin degradation and modification in the expression of sex. Furthermore, the genome of a species with a relatively young sex determination system provides the foundational resources for future studies on the independent evolution of dioecy in this speciose clade.

scholarly journals Differential use of multiple genetic sex determination systems in divergent ecomorphs of an African crater lake cichlid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Munby ◽  
Tyler Linderoth ◽  
Bettina Fischer ◽  
Mingliu Du ◽  
Grégoire Vernaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Tandem Duplication ◽  
Crater Lake ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Haplochromine Cichlid ◽  
The Face ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Entire Gene

African cichlid fishes not only exhibit remarkably high rates of speciation but also have some of the fastest evolving sex determination systems in vertebrates. However, little is known empirically in cichlids about the genetic mechanisms generating new sex-determining variants, what forces dictate their fate, the demographic scales at which they evolve, and whether they are related to speciation. To address these questions, we looked for sex-associated loci in full genome data from 647 individuals of Astatotilapia calliptera from Lake Masoko, a small isolated crater lake in Tanzania, which contains two distinct ecomorphs of the species. We identified three separate XY systems on recombining chromosomes. Two Y alleles derive from mutations that increase expression of the gonadal soma-derived factor gene (gsdf) on chromosome 7; the first is a tandem duplication of the entire gene observed throughout much of the Lake Malawi haplochromine cichlid radiation to which A. calliptera belongs, and the second is a 5 kb insertion directly upstream of gsdf. Both the latter variant and another 700 bp insertion on chromosome 19 responsible for the third Y allele arose from transposable element insertions. Males belonging to the Masoko deep-water benthic ecomorph are determined exclusively by the gsdf duplication, whereas all three Y alleles are used in the Masoko littoral ecomorph, in which they appear to act antagonistically among males with different amounts of benthic admixture. This antagonism in the face of ongoing admixture may be important for sustaining multifactorial sex determination in Lake Masoko. In addition to identifying the molecular basis of three coexisting sex determining alleles, these results demonstrate that genetic interactions between Y alleles and genetic background can potentially affect fitness and adaptive evolution.

scholarly journals Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Brittany Vining ◽  
Zhenhua Ming ◽  
Stefan Bagheri-Fam ◽  
Vincent Harley
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Male Gonad ◽  
Hub Gene ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
And Function ◽  
Bipotential Gonad ◽  
Sox9 Protein

Sex determination occurs early during embryogenesis among vertebrates. It involves the differentiation of the bipotential gonad to ovaries or testes by a fascinating diversity of molecular switches. In most mammals, the switch is SRY (sex determining region Y); in other vertebrates it could be one of a variety of genes including Dmrt1 or dmy. Downstream of the switch gene, SOX9 upregulation is a central event in testes development, controlled by gonad-specific enhancers across the 2 Mb SOX9 locus. SOX9 is a ‘hub’ gene of gonadal development, regulated positively in males and negatively in females. Despite this diversity, SOX9 protein sequence and function among vertebrates remains highly conserved. This article explores the cellular, morphological, and genetic mechanisms initiated by SOX9 for male gonad differentiation.

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