The aim of this study was to develop immobilized microorganism carrier for effectively degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially pyrene. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used to immobilize the bacterial consortium (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with binder CaCl2 and sodium alginate (SA) for improving mass transfer rate of the pyrene pollutants. Mass transfer properties, embedding ratio, and mechanical strength were inspected for the immobilization particles. Mechanical strength of SA beads was more influenced by proportion of SA and CaCl2 than by proportion of PAC. The optimum proportion of SA, CaCl2 and PAC were 2.5%, 2% and 0.5% for immobilization SA beads. The degradation of bacterial consortium (Pa+Kp) had the best degradation rates at 48.2% on 14 days. SA embedding immobilization by adding PAC can obviously enhanced effect of pyrene degradation because of bacterial absorption ability and nutrient permeability being improved.
Mass-transfer properties of overcontact systems in the Kepler eclipsing binary catalog