A prospective longitudinal study shows putamen volume is associated with moderate amphetamine use and resultant cognitive impairments

Abstract Background Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) have become a critical public health issue. Animal models have indicated a clear neurotoxic potential of ATSs. In humans, chronic use has been associated with cognitive deficits and structural brain abnormalities. However, cross-sectional retrospective designs in chronic users cannot truly determine the causal direction of the effects. Objective To prospectively determine effects of occasional ATS use on cognitive functioning and brain structure. Methods In a prospective longitudinal study design, cognitive functioning and brain structure were assessed at baseline and at 12-month follow-up in occasional ATS users (cumulative lifetime use <10 units at baseline). Results Examination of change scores between the initial examination and follow-up revealed declined verbal memory performance and putamen volume in users with high relative to low interim ATS exposure. In the entire sample, interim ATS use, memory decline, and putamen volume reductions were strongly associated. Conclusions The present findings support the hypothesis that ATS use is associated with deficient dorsal striatal morphology that might reflect alterations in dopaminergic pathways. More importantly, these findings strongly suggest that even occasional, low-dose ATS use disrupts striatal integrity and cognitive functioning.

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A prospective longitudinal study shows putamen volume is associated with moderate amphetamine use and resultant cognitive impairments

10.1101/2020.10.29.361378 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keith M Kendrick ◽

Joerg Daumann ◽

Daniel Wagner ◽

Philip Koester ◽

Marc Tittgemeyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Initial Examination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractBackgroundAmphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) have become a critical public health issue. Animal models have indicated a clear neurotoxic potential of ATSs. In humans, chronic use has been associated with cognitive deficits and structural brain abnormalities. However, cross-sectional retrospective designs in chronic users cannot truly determine the causal direction of the effects.MethodsIn a prospective-longitudinal study design cognitive functioning and brain structure were assessed at baseline and at 12-months follow-up in occasional ATS users (cumulative lifetime use <10 units at baseline).ResultsExamination of change-scores between the initial examination and follow-up revealed declined verbal memory performance and putamen volume in users with high relative to low interim ATS exposure. In the entire sample interim ATS use, memory decline and putamen volume reductions were strongly associated.ConclusionsThe present findings support the hypothesis that ATS use is associated with deficient dorsal striatal morphology which might reflect alterations in dopaminergic pathways. More importantly, these findings strongly suggest that even occasional, low-dose ATS use disrupts striatal integrity and cognitive functioning.

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Old Age and Loneliness: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses in the Tampere Longitudinal Study on Aging

Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement ◽

10.1353/cja.2004.0023 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 157-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

Marja Jylhä

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Household Composition ◽

Older Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine whether older age is associated with increasing loneliness in people aged 60 and over. Data came from TamELSA, a population-based prospective longitudinal study in Tampere, Finland. The follow-up time was 20 years. Loneliness was measured by a single question – “Do you feel lonely?“ – with the possible answers often, sometimes, or never. Cross-sectional analysis showed that the percentage of subjects feeling lonely increased toward older age groups, but in a multivariate analysis, only household composition and social participation were independently associated with loneliness. Longitudinal analysis showed that loneliness increased with higher age. Over a 10-year period, loneliness increased most in those who, at baseline, were married and living alone with their spouse. In conclusion, only a minority of older people continuously suffer from loneliness. Loneliness does increase with age, not because of age per se, but because of increasing disability and decreasing social integration.

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Long-term follow-up of meniscectomy in athletes. A prospective longitudinal study

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume ◽

10.1302/0301-620x.69b1.3818740 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69-B (1) ◽

pp. 80-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 209

Author(s):

U Jorgensen ◽

S Sonne-Holm ◽

F Lauridsen ◽

A Rosenklint

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Investigating the acceptability of non-mesh, long-lasting insecticidal nets amongst nomadic communities in Garissa County, Kenya using a prospective, longitudinal study design and cross-sectional household surveys

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-015-0546-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Georgia R Gore-Langton ◽

James Mungai ◽

Nfornuh Alenwi ◽

Abdulla Abagira ◽

Owen M Bicknell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Study Design ◽

Household Surveys ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Nomadic Communities ◽

Longitudinal Study Design ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

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Associations between Hypertension, Treatment, and Cognitive Function in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9113735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 3735

Author(s):

Sook Ling Leong ◽

Ian H. Robertson ◽

Brian Lawlor ◽

Sven Vanneste

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Hypertension Treatment ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Longitudinal Associations ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Epidemiological studies have produced conflicting results regarding the associations between the use of different hypertensive drugs and cognition. Data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationwide prospective longitudinal study of adults aged 50 or more years, was used to explore the associations between hypertensive status, categories of antihypertensive and cognitive function controlling for age, education, and other demographic and lifestyle factors. The study sample included 8173 participants. ANCOVAs and multivariate regressions were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cognitive function and hypertension status and the different categories of hypertensive medication. Hypertension was not associated with decline in global cognitive and executive functions and were fully explained by age and education. Different hypertensive medications were not associated with cognitive function. Consistent with previous studies, changes in cognition can largely be explained by age and education. The use of antihypertensive medications is neither harmful nor protective for cognition.

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Changes in self-rated health and quality of life among Syrian refugees migrating to Norway: a prospective longitudinal study

International Journal for Equity in Health ◽

10.1186/s12939-020-01300-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jasmin Haj-Younes ◽

Elisabeth Marie Strømme ◽

Jannicke Igland ◽

Bernadette Kumar ◽

Eirik Abildsnes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Syrian Refugees ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Mean Values ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Forced migrants can be exposed to various stressors that can impact their health and wellbeing. How the different stages in the migration process impacts health is however poorly explored. The aim of this study was to examine changes in self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QoL) among a cohort of adult Syrian refugees before and after resettlement in Norway. Method We used a prospective longitudinal study design with two assessment points to examine changes in health among adult Syrian resettlement refugees in Lebanon accepted for resettlement in Norway. We gathered baseline data in 2017/2018 in Lebanon and subsequently at follow-up one year after arrival. The main outcomes were good SRH measured by a single validated item and QoL measured by WHOQOL-BREF. We used generalized estimating equations to investigate changes in outcomes over time and incorporated interaction terms in the models to evaluate effect modifications. Results In total, 353 subjects participated in the study. The percentage of participants reporting good SRH showed a non-significant increase from 58 to 63% RR, 95%CI: 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) from baseline to follow-up while mean values of all four QoL domains increased significantly from baseline to follow-up; the physical domain from 13.7 to 15.7 B, 95%CI: 1.9 (1.6, 2.3), the psychological domain from 12.8 to 14.5 B, 95%CI: 1.7 (1.3, 2.0), social relationships from 13.7 to 15.3 B, 95%CI: 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) and the environmental domain from 9.0 to 14.0 5.1 B, 95%CI: (4.7, 5.4). Positive effect modifiers for improvement in SRH and QoL over time include male gender, younger age, low level of social support and illegal status in transit country. Conclusion Our results show that good SRH remain stable while all four QoL domains improve, most pronounced in the environment domain. Understanding the dynamics of migration and health is a fundamental step in reaching health equity.

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