scholarly journals Associations between Hypertension, Treatment, and Cognitive Function in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3735
Author(s):  
Sook Ling Leong ◽  
Ian H. Robertson ◽  
Brian Lawlor ◽  
Sven Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Epidemiological studies have produced conflicting results regarding the associations between the use of different hypertensive drugs and cognition. Data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a nationwide prospective longitudinal study of adults aged 50 or more years, was used to explore the associations between hypertensive status, categories of antihypertensive and cognitive function controlling for age, education, and other demographic and lifestyle factors. The study sample included 8173 participants. ANCOVAs and multivariate regressions were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cognitive function and hypertension status and the different categories of hypertensive medication. Hypertension was not associated with decline in global cognitive and executive functions and were fully explained by age and education. Different hypertensive medications were not associated with cognitive function. Consistent with previous studies, changes in cognition can largely be explained by age and education. The use of antihypertensive medications is neither harmful nor protective for cognition.

scholarly journals Designing new diagnostic systems for the early detection of tobacco-associated chronic renal damage in patients of a primary care centre in Salamanca, Spain: an observational, prospective study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e032918
Author(s):  
Marta Prieto ◽  
Laura Vicente-Vicente ◽  
Alfredo G Casanova ◽  
Maria Teresa Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
Manuel A Gomez-Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Gm2 Ganglioside ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

IntroductionTobacco causes kidney damage that can progress to chronic kidney disease. However, the diagnostic parameters used in clinics are not effective in identifying smokers at risk. Our first objective is to more effectively detect subclinical renal damage in smokers. In addition, we hypothesise that tobacco consumption can predispose smokers to renal damage on exposure to other potentially nephrotoxic events (drugs, diagnostic procedures and so on). We will test this hypothesis in our second objective by investigating whether certain predisposition markers (GM2 ganglioside activator protein (GM2AP), transferrin and t-gelsolin) are able to detect smokers who are predisposed to kidney damage. Finally, in our third objective, we will study whether smoking cessation reduces subclinical and/or predisposition to renal damage.Methods and analysisFor our first objective, a prospective cross-sectional study will be carried out with patients from a primary healthcare centre. The influence of tobacco on renal damage, in patients both with and without additional risk factors, will be studied using a panel of early biomarkers (albuminuria, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin). For our second objective, a prospective longitudinal study will be carried out with patients recruited for our first objective. We will study whether certain predisposition biomarkers (GM2AP, transferrin and t-gelsolin) are able to detect smokers predisposed to renal damage. For our third objective, a prospective longitudinal study will be carried out with patients from a smoking cessation unit. We will study the evolution of the markers described above following smoking cessation.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Healthcare Area of Salamanca. All study participants will sign an informed consent form in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the WHO standards for observational studies. Results will be presented at conferences and submitted to peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03850756.

scholarly journals A prospective longitudinal study shows putamen volume is associated with moderate amphetamine use and resultant cognitive impairments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M Kendrick ◽  
Joerg Daumann ◽  
Daniel Wagner ◽  
Philip Koester ◽  
Marc Tittgemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractBackgroundAmphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) have become a critical public health issue. Animal models have indicated a clear neurotoxic potential of ATSs. In humans, chronic use has been associated with cognitive deficits and structural brain abnormalities. However, cross-sectional retrospective designs in chronic users cannot truly determine the causal direction of the effects.MethodsIn a prospective-longitudinal study design cognitive functioning and brain structure were assessed at baseline and at 12-months follow-up in occasional ATS users (cumulative lifetime use <10 units at baseline).ResultsExamination of change-scores between the initial examination and follow-up revealed declined verbal memory performance and putamen volume in users with high relative to low interim ATS exposure. In the entire sample interim ATS use, memory decline and putamen volume reductions were strongly associated.ConclusionsThe present findings support the hypothesis that ATS use is associated with deficient dorsal striatal morphology which might reflect alterations in dopaminergic pathways. More importantly, these findings strongly suggest that even occasional, low-dose ATS use disrupts striatal integrity and cognitive functioning.

Old Age and Loneliness: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses in the Tampere Longitudinal Study on Aging

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Jylhä
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine whether older age is associated with increasing loneliness in people aged 60 and over. Data came from TamELSA, a population-based prospective longitudinal study in Tampere, Finland. The follow-up time was 20 years. Loneliness was measured by a single question – “Do you feel lonely?“ – with the possible answers often, sometimes, or never. Cross-sectional analysis showed that the percentage of subjects feeling lonely increased toward older age groups, but in a multivariate analysis, only household composition and social participation were independently associated with loneliness. Longitudinal analysis showed that loneliness increased with higher age. Over a 10-year period, loneliness increased most in those who, at baseline, were married and living alone with their spouse. In conclusion, only a minority of older people continuously suffer from loneliness. Loneliness does increase with age, not because of age per se, but because of increasing disability and decreasing social integration.

The Present Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AN exploration of the effects of early malnutrition on the development of neurointegrative functioning in school children can of course be carried out definitively only by means of a prospective longitudinal study of children at risk and of appropriately selected control subjects. We are currently engaged in conducting such an investigation. However, since the findings of a prospective longitudinal study become available only after a long period of delay, it was decided that a certain amount of pertinent information could be obtained through a carefully conducted cross-sectional retrospective study of neurointegrative organization in children of school age. The present monograph is the result of such an investigation. To explore the effects of malnutrition on neurointegrative development it was decided to carry out a cross-sectional study of intersensory functioning in the total population of primary school children in a village in which detailed prior information indicated the presence of a significant prevalence level of serious acute or prolonged malnutrition during infancy and the pre-school years. For purposes of the investigation malnutrition was defined retrospectively on the basis of height for age in all children ranging in age from 6 to 11 years. When the child showed a significant diminution of stature with respect to his age-mates in the total village population of children, he was assumed to have an increased likelihood of having been at earlier risk of malnutrition. On this basis, at each age level, a group of children representing the lowest 25% of the height distribution was identified and designated as the group having the greatest likelihood of having been at earlier nutritional risk.

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