A Review of Thermoluminescence of Calcium Fluoride, Calcium Sulphate and Calcium Carbonate

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Sunta (INVITED)
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
Calcium Sulphate

Application of Sudha Vargeeya Dravya in Raktapitta Chikitsa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suma Jambli ◽  
Chavan S. G. ◽  
Prashanth A. S.
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Bleeding Disorder ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Calcium Supplements ◽  
External Injury

The Shareera depends on Anna and other four factors namely Vata, Pitta, Kapha and Rakta, Rakta is considered as Mula of the Shareera, the external injury or internal injury or due to coagulation disorders there may be bleeding which may lead to morbidity or mortality. In Ayurveda these bleeding disorder is considered as Raktapitta, one of the Mahavega, Mahagada by the Charakacharya. Thus treatment of these bleeding disorder can be done through Sudha Vargeeya Dravya which are rich in Calcium components, in the form of calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, calcium fluoride etc. Calcium as fourth clotting factor and as cofactor helps in coagulation of the blood. Thus Sudha Vargeeya Dravya by their Parthiva and Shairyata properties does the coagulation of blood and pacifies the Pitta and Rakta Dusthi. Many plant origin, animal origin and mineral origin have been mentioned in various texts of Ayurveda which can act as Calcium supplements and helps in Raktapitta Chikitsa.

Analysis of mineral matrices of planetary soil analogues from the Utah Desert

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Kotler ◽  
R.C. Quinn ◽  
B.H. Foing ◽  
Z. Martins ◽  
P. Ehrenfreund
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Research Station ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
Mancos Shale ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hydrated Calcium ◽  
Iron And Manganese

AbstractPhyllosilicate minerals and hydrated sulphate minerals have been positively identified on the surface of Mars. Studies conducted on Earth indicate that micro-organisms influence various geochemical and mineralogical transitions for the sulphate and phyllosilicate minerals. These minerals in turn provide key nutrients to micro-organisms and influence microbial ecology. Therefore, the presence of these minerals in astrobiology studies of Earth–Mars analogue environments could help scientists better understand the types and potential abundance of micro-organisms and/or biosignatures that may be encountered on Mars. Bulk X-ray diffraction of samples collected during the EuroGeoMars 2009 campaign from the Mancos Shale, the Morrison and the Dakota formations near the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah show variable but common sedimentary mineralogy with all samples containing quantities of hydrated sulphate minerals and/or phyllosilicates. Analysis of the clay fractions indicate that the phyllosilicates are interstratified illite–smectites with all samples showing marked changes in the diffraction pattern after ethylene glycol treatment and the characteristic appearance of a solvated peak at ∼17 Å. The smectite phases were identified as montmorillonite and nontronite using a combination of the X-ray diffraction data and Fourier–Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The most common sulphate mineral in the samples is hydrated calcium sulphate (gypsum), although one sample contained detectable amounts of strontium sulphate (celestine). Carbonates detected in the samples are variable in composition and include pure calcium carbonate (calcite), magnesium-bearing calcium carbonate (dolomite), magnesium, iron and manganese-bearing calcium carbonate (ankerite) and iron carbonate (siderite). The results of these analyses when combined with organic extractions and biological analysis should help astrobiologists and planetary geologists better understand the potential relationships between mineralogy and microbiology for planetary missions.

EXOFIT field trials: experience learned from the use of ExoMars/RLS Qualification Model and representative Raman prototypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Lopez-Reyes ◽  
Marco Veneranda ◽  
Jose Antonio Manrique Martinez ◽  
Jesus Saiz Cano ◽  
Jesus Medina García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Raman Laser ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Geometrical Concept ◽  
Portable Spectrometers

<p><span>The ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars mission to Mars is scheduled to be launched in 2020. Seeking to prepare the ExoMars operation team to manage the engineering and scientific challenges arising from the Rosalind Franklin rover soon operating at Oxia Planum, a rover prototype equipped with representative ExoMars navigation and analytical systems was recently used in two mission simulations (ExoFit trials)</span></p><p><span>The first field test was carried out in Tabernas (Spain), a desertic area characterized by the presence of clays, partially altered sedimentary rocks and efflorescence salts. The second ExoFit trial was performed in the Atacama Desert (Chile), in a sandy flat land displaying diorite-boulders, clays patches and evaporites.</span></p><p><span>The Raman Laser Simulator (RLS) team participated in both simulations: portable spectrometers were used to determine the mineralogical composition of subsoil samples collected by the rover-drill and to investigate the possible presence of biomarkers. In-situ analysis were carried out by means of the RAD 1 system (Raman Demonstrator), which is a portable spectrometer that follows the same geometrical concept and spectral characteristics of the RLS flight model (FM).</span></p><p><span>In the case of Tabernas trial, additional analysis were performed using the RLS qualification model (EQM2) which at the moment was the most reliable tool to understand the scientific outcome that could derive from the RLS operating on Mars.</span></p><p><span>Prior to analysis, geological samples were crushed and sieved to replicate the granulometry of the powdered material produced by the ExoMars crusher. After flattening, from 8 to 10 spots were analyzed and Raman data and interpreted.</span></p><p><span>From each site, two cores were drilled and analyzed. On one side, the main mineralogical phases detected in the first Atacama core are quartz and calcium carbonate. In addition to those, the mineralogy of the second core also includes hematite and calcium sulphate.</span></p><p><span>On the other side, RAD 1 spectra gathered from Almeria core-samples confirmed the presence of quartz as main mineralogical phase. However, peaks of medium intensity at 146 and 1086 cm<sup>-1</sup> were also observed, confirming the detection of rutile and calcium carbonate respectively. The same samples were further characterized by means of the RLS-EQM2 system: beside confirming the detection of the abovementioned mineral phases, additional Raman biomarkers-related peaks were also found.</span></p><p><span>Even though deeper Raman analysis of ExoFit samples need to be performed, the preliminary results gathered in-situ suggests that Raman spectroscopy could play a kay role in the fulfillment of the ExoMars mission objectives.</span></p>

scholarly journals The effect of calcium fluoride on extracting magnesium from magnesite and calcium carbonate by silicothermal reduction in flowing argon

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
J.-H. Guo ◽  
D.-X. Fu ◽  
J.-B. Han ◽  
Z.-H. Ji ◽  
Y.-S. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Crystal Type ◽  
Dta Curves ◽  
Reaction Activation Energy

At present, the production of magnesium is mainly carried out semi-continuously with ferrosilicon as reducing agent under high temperature and high vacuum. In order to continuously produce magnesium, anew method of extracting magnesium from low-grade magnesite and calcium carbonate by silicothermal method in flowing inert gas was proposed. The effects of calcium fluoride(CaF2)on decomposition rate, decomposition kinetics, reduction rate of magnesia and crystal type of dicalcium silicate in reduction slag were investigated in the paper. The experimental results showed that calcium fluoride could accelerate the decomposition of carbonate, and had no side effect on the calcined products. In addition, the analysis results of DTA curves showed that calcium fluoridecould reduce the decomposition reaction activation energy and the reaction temperature of carbonatein the prefabricated pellets. The results of reduction experiments showed that proper calcium fluoridecould promote the reduction rate of magnesia, and in the temperature range of 1250? ~ 1350?, with same timeframe, the corresponding calcium fluoride contents were5%, 3% and 1% respectively when the reduction rate reached the maximum. Excessive calcium fluoride could reduce the reduction rate of magnesia, but it couldpromote the transformation of dicalcium silicate to ? phase in the reduction slag.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium Carbonate and Calcium Sulphate on Bone Development

1933 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry W. Titus ◽  
Edmund McNally ◽  
Frank C. Hilberg
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Calcium Sulphate

Calcium and phosphorus balances with laying birds

1942 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Tyler ◽  
James Stuart Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
General Aspects

1. A series of balance experiments to compare calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate and calcium gluconate as sources of calcium for laying hens is described.2. Not one of the three supplements showed all-round superiority, but calcium sulphate was the worst.3. The main results indicate that:(a) Calcium sulphate and gluconate cause scouring but carbonate does not.(b) The best retention of calcium occurs with gluconate and the worst with sulphate.(c) Calcium carbonate gives the best shells and calcium sulphate the worst.4. The experiments also throw fresh light on some more general aspects of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.5. On the basis of these general results and a review of the literature of blood calcium and phosphorus in laying hens a theory dealing with certain aspects of egg-shell formation is presented.

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