Proposed Dose Constraints in the Duties of Radiation Workers at the Department of Nuclear Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-539
Author(s):  
Woon-Kwan Chung ◽  
Nam-Hee Yang ◽  
Kyung-Rae Dong ◽  
Jiwon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Dose Constraint ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Constraints

Abstract This study aimed to set a dose constraint for certain duties of radiological technologists in the department of nuclear medicine. From 2013 to 2017, the 5 y radiation exposure data of employees performing PET-CT and γ-CAMERA of eight hospitals in Korea were measured individual exposure doses to estimate the frequency and set a representative dose of 75 and 95% from the low dose in the whole category is presented. The dose constraint was 5.5 mSv for PET-CT, 4.5 mSv for γ-CAMERA and 3.5 mSv for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-Computed Tomography(CT) and Gamma CAMERA (γ-CAMERA). Therefore, it would be appropriate to set a dose-limit value of ~5 mSv corresponding to 75–80% of the individual exposure dose of radiological technologists in the department of nuclear medicine. The finding of this study may be used as reference data for setting future radiation dose limits.

scholarly journals Nuclear medicine staff exposure to ionising radiation in 18F-FDG PET/CT practice: a preliminary retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Bojan Pavičar ◽  
Jasna Davidović ◽  
Biljana Petrović ◽  
Goran Vuleta ◽  
Saša Trivić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Dose Monitoring ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract This retrospective study provides an insight into the levels of radiation exposure of six nuclear medicine (NM) staff (four technologists and two nurses) performing routine diagnostic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) at the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Disorders, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data analysis included monthly staff exposure measured with personal thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) between June and December 2018, quantified in terms of normalised dose for the whole body [Hp(10)] and dominant hand [Hp(0.07)] and their comparison between each staff member and between the two groups (technologists and nurses). The study goal was to establish how our Department compared with reports from other PET/CT centres worldwide in terms of annual number of procedures and exposure limits and whether there could be room for further improvements in radiation protection. The number of procedures rose considerably from 208 in 2016 to 876 in 2019 and was 423 in the observed seven-month period. Mean individual whole-body exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity, [Hp(10)/A] was 18.55 μSv/GBq for the four technologists and 15.61 μSv/GBq for the two nurses. Mean dominant-hand exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity [Hp(0.07)/A] was 16.99 μSv/GBq and 25.44 μSv/GBq for the two groups, respectively. The average annual cumulative dose for all staff was (1.06±0.29) mSv for Hp(10) and (1.15±0.32) mSv for Hp(0.07). These results are comparable with those of similar studies. Staff doses were well below the annual limits. Nurses received slightly higher extremity doses than technologists. In view of the increasing trends in the number of PET/CT procedures, dose monitoring should be continued to identify exposure hotspots and maintain doses as low as possible.

Empfehlungen zur Durchführung der Ganz körper-18F-FDG-PET und -PET/CT bei Kindern mit onkologischen Erkrankungen

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (06) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stauss ◽  
T. Pfluger ◽  
K. U. Juergens ◽  
R. Kluge ◽  
H. Amthauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
German Society ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Paediatric Committee ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

SummaryThe purpose of these guidelines is to offer the nuclear medicine and the appropriate interdisciplinary team a framework for performing and reporting positron emission tomography (PET) and the combination with computed tomography (PET/CT) in children with malignant diseases mainly using the radiopharmaceutical 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG). These guidelines are based on the recent guidelines of the Paediatric Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) (57) and have been translated and adapted to the current conditions in Germany. The adaptation of CT-parameters using PET/CT in children is covered in a more detailed way than in the EANM guideline taking into account that in Germany already a good portion of PET examinations is performed using an integrated PET/CT-scanner. Furthermore, a CT-scan without adaption of the CT acquisition parameters would result in a not tolerably high radiation exposition of the child. There are excellent guidelines for FDG PET and PET/CT in oncology published by the German Society of Nuclear Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, DGN) (42) and EANM (4). These guidelines aim at providing additional information on issues particularly relevant to PET and PET/CT imaging in children. These guidelines should be taken in the context of local and national current standards of quality and rules.

scholarly journals Dosimetric evaluation of extremities in 18F-FDG PET/CT procedure using Monte Carlo Geant4 code

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rocha Pessanha ◽  
Pedro Pacheco De Queiroz Filho ◽  
Denison De Souza Santos
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Geant4 Code ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Administration Procedure

For the dosimetric evaluation of extremities and crystalline of workers inserted in Positron Emission Tomography procedures using the 18F-FDG radiopharmaceutical, a geometric phantom of the forearm and hand with the geometric phantom ADAM was implemented in Monte Carlo Geant4 code. Equivalent Dose values were obtained in 45 different points - between dominant, non-dominant and crystalline hands - for radiopharmaceutical administration procedure, with the use of injection syringe shielding. The data obtained through the simulation were analyzed according to dose limits established by the CNEN standard NN-3.01 of 2014.

scholarly journals The 2020 national diagnostic reference levels for nuclear medicine in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 799-806
Author(s):  
Koichiro Abe ◽  
Makoto Hosono ◽  
Takayuki Igarashi ◽  
Takashi Iimori ◽  
Masanobu Ishiguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract The diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are one of several effective tools for optimizing nuclear medicine examinations and reducing patient exposure. With the advances in imaging technology and alterations of examination protocols, the DRLs must be reviewed periodically. The first DRLs in Japan were established in 2015, and since 5 years have passed, it is time to review and revise the DRLs. We conducted a survey to investigate the administered activities of radiopharmaceuticals and the radiation doses of computed tomography (CT) in hybrid CT accompanied by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. We distributed a Web-based survey to 915 nuclear medicine facilities throughout Japan and survey responses were provided by 256 nuclear medicine facilities (response rate 28%). We asked for the facility's median actual administered activity and median radiation dose of hybrid CT when SPECT/CT or PET/CT was performed for patients with standard habitus in the standard protocol of the facility for each nuclear medicine examination. We determined the new DRLs based on the 75th percentile referring to the 2015 DRLs, drug package inserts, and updated guidelines. The 2020 DRLs are almost the same as the 2015 DRLs, but for the relatively long-lived radionuclides, the DRLs are set low due to the changes in the Japanese delivery system. There are no items set higher than the previous values. Although the DRLs determined this time are roughly equivalent to the DRLs used in the US, overall they tend to be higher than the European DRLs. The DRLs of the radiation dose of CT in hybrid CT vary widely depending on each imaging site and the purpose of the examination.

scholarly journals Advanced Sandwich Composite Cores for Patient Support in Advanced Clinical Imaging and Oncology Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3549
Author(s):  
Robert H. Morris ◽  
Nicasio R. Geraldi ◽  
Lucy C. Pike ◽  
Jörg Pawelke ◽  
Aswin L. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Rise ◽  
Sandwich Composite ◽  
Patient Support ◽  
Signal Attenuation ◽  
Planning Time ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Oncology Treatment ◽  
The Individual

Ongoing advances in both imaging and treatment for oncology purposes have seen a significant rise in the use of not only the individual imaging modalities, but also their combination in single systems such as Positron Emission Tomography combined with Computed Tomography (PET–CT) and PET–MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) when planning for advanced oncology treatment, the most demanding of which is proton therapy. This has identified issues in the availability of suitable materials upon which to support the patient undergoing imaging and treatment owing to the differing requirements for each of the techniques. Sandwich composites are often selected to solve this issue but there is little information regarding optimum materials for their cores. In this paper, we presented a range of materials which are suitable for such purposes and evaluated the performance for use in terms of PET signal attenuation, proton beam stopping, MRI signal shading and X-Ray CT visibility. We found that Extruded Polystyrene offers the best compromise for patient support and positioning structures across all modalities tested, allowing for significant savings in treatment planning time and delivering more efficient treatment with lower margins.

scholarly journals PET – advanced nuclear imaging technology for medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Piwowarska-Bilska ◽  
Aleksandra Supińska ◽  
Jacek Iwanowski ◽  
Adriana Tyczyńska ◽  
Bożena Birkenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently the most advanced diagnostic imaging technology along with well-known techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Tremendous technical progress in engineering, imaging and radiopharmacy has provided the basis for impressive technological advances in the field of nuclear medicine over the past 50 years. Current nuclear medicine can be divided into 2 groups: the classic, which uses gamma-cameras for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, and the more modern PET technique. The clinical PET technique requires: (i) patient administration of the radiopharmaceutical labelled with a positron emitter, (ii) recording of the gamma radiation emitted from the patient’s body with a dedicated PET/ CT scanner, (iii) processing and analysis of recorded images. This article presents the basics of PET technology and research, and describes new technical trends introduced by the leading manufacturers of PET/CT scanners.

scholarly journals Initial Experience in Staging Primary Oesophageal/Gastroesophageal Cancer with 18F-FDG PET/MRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R Sharkey ◽  
Bert-Ram Sah ◽  
Samuel J Withey ◽  
Shaheel Bhuva ◽  
Radhouene Neji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Gastroesophageal Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Tumour Board ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Abstract Background18F-Fluorodesoxyglucose Positron-emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging (18F-FDG PET/MRI) may improve cancer staging by combining sensitive cancer detection with high contrast resolution and detail. We compared the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/MRI to 18F-Fluorodesoxyglucose Positron-emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT )for staging oesophageal/gastroesophageal cancer.Following ethical approval and informed consent, participants with newly diagnosed primary oesophageal/gastroesophageal cancer were enrolled. Exclusions included prior/concurrent malignancy. Following 324±28 MBq 18F-FDG administration and 60-minute uptake, PET/CT was performed; immediately followed by integrated PET/MRI from skull base to mid-thigh. PET/CT was interpreted by two dual-accredited nuclear medicine physicians; PET/MRI by a dual-accredited nuclear medicine physician/radiologist and cancer radiologist in consensus. Per-participant staging was compared with the tumour board consensus staging using the McNemar test, with statistical significance at 5%. Results 22/26 participants (20 male; mean±SD age 68.8±8.7 years) completed 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MRI. Compared to the tumour board, the primary tumour was staged concordantly in 55% (12/22) with PET/MRI and 36% (8/22) with PET/CT; the nodal stage was concordant in 45% (10/22) with PET/MRI and 50% (11/22) with PET/CT. There was no statistical difference in PET/CT and PET/MRI staging performance (p>0.05, for T and N staging). The staging of distant metastases was concordant with the tumour board in 95% (21/22) with both PET/MRI and PET/CT. Of participants with distant metastatic disease, PET/MRI detected additional metastases in 30% (3/10). ConclusionIn this preliminary study, compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT, 18F-FDG PET/MRI showed non-significant higher concordance with T-staging, but no difference with N or M-staging. Additional metastases detected by 18F-FDG PET/MRI may be of additive clinical value.

scholarly journals Integration of terbium isotopes into modern nuclear medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
Pavlo Korol ◽  
Michael Tkachenko ◽  
A. Voloshyn
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Imaging Performance

The review examines the clinical role of terbium isotopes in the context of their integration into modern routine practice in nuclear medicine. Low toxicity, combined with an optimal half-life and elimination time from the body, makes them very promising not only in the therapeutic sense, but also in the issue of diagnostic imaging of tumors. When performing PET /CT and SPECT/CT imaging with 152Tb and 155Tb isotopes on cancer patients, high diagnostic information values were obtained. It should be noted that in the context of 152Tb, the phase of clinical trials on patients has already been completed, according to the results of which this radionuclide has demonstrated its potential. SPECT with 155Tb provides excellent imaging performance in mammals, even with low levels of injected radioactivity, which makes it promising for use in humans. Key words: terbium, nuclear medicine, single-photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography

scholarly journals Functional Imaging of Paragangliomas with an Emphasis on Von Hippel–Lindau-Associated Disease: A Mini Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Ilias ◽  
Georgios Meristoudis
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Somatostatin Receptors ◽  
Monoamine Transporters ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Vesicular Monoamine Transporters ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Few reports have presented data and results on functional (i.e., nuclear medicine) imaging of paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PGLs/PHEOs) for von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) patients. Nuclear medicine localization modalities for chromaffin tumors can be specific or nonspecific. Specific methods make use of the expression of the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) and vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) by these tumors. These permit the use of radiolabeled ligands that enter the synthesis and storage pathway of catecholamines. Nonspecific methods are not related to the synthesis, uptake, or storage of catecholamines but make use of the tumors’ high glucose metabolism or expression of somatostatin receptors. Consensuses and guidelines suggest that metastatic and sporadic PHEOs/PGLs in VHL patients (as in patients with chromaffin tumors of yet unknown genotype) should be evaluated first with 18F-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The functional imaging of second choice is 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) for PHEOs in VHL patients. 123I-MIBG, 68Ga-DOTATATE/DOTATOC/DOTANOC PET/CT, or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT can be a second choice of functional imaging for PGLs in VHL patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the shielding parameters implemented in the PET-CT facility at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (NINMAS), Dhaka

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
MS Mia ◽  
TA Biman ◽  
H Mehdi ◽  
F Begum
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Annihilation Radiation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Anatomical Imaging ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Physical Materials

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) combined with Computed Tomography (CT) is a very sensitive diagnostic imaging modality that consists of both functional and anatomical imaging into one combined scanning system. Because of the high energy of annihilation radiation (511 keV) for PET tracers, shielding requirements are an important consideration in the design of a PET/CT facility. The shielding evaluation for adequate radiation protection of a PET/CT facility consists of the assessment of annual effective dose both to occupational workers and to members of the public’s. The overall shielding assessment takes into account the radionuclides activity involved, the facility design, the scanning procedures, the expected number of patients per year and so on. The evaluation also depends upon the size of the PET/CT imaging room and patient’s uptake rooms, the thickness and the physical materials of walls, floors and ceilings. In this work we verified the adequacy of shielding installed in the PET/CT facility at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (NINMAS), Dhaka. The assessment results were compared to the provided shielding which was the design requirements. Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 26(2), 51-59, December 2019

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