scholarly journals Evaluation of the shielding parameters implemented in the PET-CT facility at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (NINMAS), Dhaka

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
MN Hossain ◽  
MS Mia ◽  
TA Biman ◽  
H Mehdi ◽  
F Begum
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Annihilation Radiation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Anatomical Imaging ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Physical Materials

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) combined with Computed Tomography (CT) is a very sensitive diagnostic imaging modality that consists of both functional and anatomical imaging into one combined scanning system. Because of the high energy of annihilation radiation (511 keV) for PET tracers, shielding requirements are an important consideration in the design of a PET/CT facility. The shielding evaluation for adequate radiation protection of a PET/CT facility consists of the assessment of annual effective dose both to occupational workers and to members of the public’s. The overall shielding assessment takes into account the radionuclides activity involved, the facility design, the scanning procedures, the expected number of patients per year and so on. The evaluation also depends upon the size of the PET/CT imaging room and patient’s uptake rooms, the thickness and the physical materials of walls, floors and ceilings. In this work we verified the adequacy of shielding installed in the PET/CT facility at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (NINMAS), Dhaka. The assessment results were compared to the provided shielding which was the design requirements. Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 26(2), 51-59, December 2019

scholarly journals Estimating the Shielding Requirements for a Newly Planned PET-CT Facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Md Nahid Hossain ◽  
Md Shohag Mia ◽  
Tanvir Ahmed Biman ◽  
Raihan Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Fazlul Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Annihilation Radiation ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) combined with Computed Tomography (CT) is a powerful and very sensitive diagnostic tool that integrates functional and anatomical imaging into one combined scanning system. Positron emission tomography is based on the characteristic way in which positrons annihilate by combining with an electron. This process usually results in the emission of two 511 KeV photons which travel in opposite directions. These 511 KeV annihilation photons are much higher energy than other diagnostic radiations. Because of this high energy of the annihilation radiation, shielding requirements for a PET facility are different from most of the other diagnostic imaging facilities and it’s a very important consideration in the design of a PET or PET-CT imaging facility. As a result, significant shielding may be required in floors and ceilings as well as adjacent walls in a PET-CT facility. In this work we present the estimation of the shielding requirements for a newly planned PET-CT facility. Shielding calculations of adjacent walls were presented for both controlled and uncontrolled areas. Formulas were used to calculate the shielding materials following the basic AAPM (American Association of Physicists in Medicine) guidelines. This mathematical analysis of the shielding estimation is very important for a newly planned PET-CT facility. Adequate safe planning with vendor, facility architect and a qualified medical physicist are essential to make a cost effective and safe design while maintaining radiation safety standards with regulatory limits. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 21(2): 102-107, July 2018  

Proposed Dose Constraints in the Duties of Radiation Workers at the Department of Nuclear Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-539
Author(s):  
Woon-Kwan Chung ◽  
Nam-Hee Yang ◽  
Kyung-Rae Dong ◽  
Jiwon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Individual Exposure ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Dose Constraint ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dose Constraints

Abstract This study aimed to set a dose constraint for certain duties of radiological technologists in the department of nuclear medicine. From 2013 to 2017, the 5 y radiation exposure data of employees performing PET-CT and γ-CAMERA of eight hospitals in Korea were measured individual exposure doses to estimate the frequency and set a representative dose of 75 and 95% from the low dose in the whole category is presented. The dose constraint was 5.5 mSv for PET-CT, 4.5 mSv for γ-CAMERA and 3.5 mSv for Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-Computed Tomography(CT) and Gamma CAMERA (γ-CAMERA). Therefore, it would be appropriate to set a dose-limit value of ~5 mSv corresponding to 75–80% of the individual exposure dose of radiological technologists in the department of nuclear medicine. The finding of this study may be used as reference data for setting future radiation dose limits.

Empfehlungen zur Durchführung der Ganz körper-18F-FDG-PET und -PET/CT bei Kindern mit onkologischen Erkrankungen

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (06) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stauss ◽  
T. Pfluger ◽  
K. U. Juergens ◽  
R. Kluge ◽  
H. Amthauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
German Society ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Paediatric Committee ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

SummaryThe purpose of these guidelines is to offer the nuclear medicine and the appropriate interdisciplinary team a framework for performing and reporting positron emission tomography (PET) and the combination with computed tomography (PET/CT) in children with malignant diseases mainly using the radiopharmaceutical 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose (FDG). These guidelines are based on the recent guidelines of the Paediatric Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) (57) and have been translated and adapted to the current conditions in Germany. The adaptation of CT-parameters using PET/CT in children is covered in a more detailed way than in the EANM guideline taking into account that in Germany already a good portion of PET examinations is performed using an integrated PET/CT-scanner. Furthermore, a CT-scan without adaption of the CT acquisition parameters would result in a not tolerably high radiation exposition of the child. There are excellent guidelines for FDG PET and PET/CT in oncology published by the German Society of Nuclear Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin, DGN) (42) and EANM (4). These guidelines aim at providing additional information on issues particularly relevant to PET and PET/CT imaging in children. These guidelines should be taken in the context of local and national current standards of quality and rules.

scholarly journals Cumulative radiation doses from recurrent PET/CT examinations

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210388
Author(s):  
Makoto Hosono ◽  
Mamoru Takenaka ◽  
Hajime Monzen ◽  
Mikoto Tamura ◽  
Masatoshi Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Tissue Contrast ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Effective Radiation

Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is an essential imaging modality for the management of various diseases. Increasing numbers of PET/CT examinations are carried out across the world and deliver benefits to patients; however, there are concerns about the cumulative radiation doses from these examinations in patients. Compared to the radiation exposure delivered by CT, there have been few reports on the frequency of patients with a cumulative effective radiation dose of ≥100 mSv from repeated PET/CT examinations. The emerging dose tracking system facilitates surveys on patient cumulative doses by PET/CT because it can easily wrap up exposure doses of PET radiopharmaceuticals and CT. Regardless of the use of a dose tracking system, implementation of justification for PET/CT examinations and utilisation of dose reduction measures are key issues in coping with the cumulative dose in patients. Despite all the advantages of PET/MRI such as eliminating radiation exposure from CT and providing good tissue contrast in MRI, it is expensive and cannot be introduced at every facility; thus, it is still necessary to utilise PET/CT with radiation reduction measures in most clinical situations.

Utility of Molecular Imaging with 2-Deoxy-2-[Fluorine-18] Fluoro-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG PET) for Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC): A Radiation Oncology Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Sager ◽  
Ferrat Dincoglan ◽  
Selcuk Demiral ◽  
Bora Uysal ◽  
Hakan Gamsiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg

Background and Objective: Although accounting for a relatively small proportion of all lung cancers, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains to be a global health concern with grim prognosis. Radiotherapy (RT) plays a central role in SCLC management either as a curative or palliative therapeutic strategy. There has been considerable progress in RT of SCLC, thanks to improved imaging techniques leading to accurate target localization for precise delivery of RT. Positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly used in oncology practice as a non-invasive molecular imaging modality. Methods: Herein, we review the utility of molecular imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-Dglucose PET (18F-FDG PET) for SCLC from a radiation oncology perspective. Results: There has been extensive research on the utility of PET for SCLC in terms of improved staging, restaging, treatment designation, patient selection for curative/palliative intent, target localization, response assessment, detection of residual/recurrent disease, and prediction of treatment outcomes. Conclusion: PET provides useful functional information as a non-invasive molecular imaging modality and may be exploited to improve the management of patients with SCLC. Incorporation of PET/CT in staging of patients with SCLC may aid in optimal treatment allocation for an improved therapeutic ratio. From a radiation oncology perspective, combination of functional and anatomical data provided by integrated PET/CT improves discrimination between atelectasis and tumor, and assists in the designation of RT portals with its high accuracy to detect intrathoracic tumor and nodal disease. Utility of molecular imaging for SCLC should be further investigated in prospective randomized trials to acquire a higher level of evidence for future potential applications of PET.

The utility of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in localizing primary/metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents – a single-center experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Vijaya Sarathi ◽  
Gaurav Malhotra ◽  
Priya Hira ◽  
Ravikumar Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

AbstractObjectivesPediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare tumors with limited data on the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)-octreotate positron emission tomography–computed tomography (68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT). We have described our experience of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in overall and von Hippel Lindau (VHL)-associated pediatric PPGL and compared its sensitivity with that of 131I-meta-iodobenzyl-guanidine (131I-MIBG), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT), and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT).MethodsRetrospective evaluation of consecutive PPGL patients (age: ≤20 years), who had undergone at least one functional imaging [131I-MIBG, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and/or 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT], was done. Composite of anatomical and all the performed functional imaging scans, image comparator (IC), was considered as the gold standard for sensitivity analysis.ResultsIn a cohort of 32 patients (16 males, age at diagnosis: 16.4 ± 2.68 years), lesion-wise sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (95%) was higher than that of both 18F-FDG-PET/CT (80%, p=0.027) and 131I-MIBG (65%, p=0.0004) for overall lesions, than that of 18F-FDG-PET/CT (100 vs. 67%, p=0.017) for primary PPG, and than that of 131I-MIBG (93 vs. 42%, p=0.0001) for metastases. In the VHL (n=14), subgroup, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT had higher lesion-wise sensitivity (100%) compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT (74%, p=0.045) and 131I-MIBG (64%, p=0.0145).ConclusionsIn our pediatric PPGL cohort, overall lesion-wise sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was higher than that of 18F–FDG PET/CT and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy. Hence, we recommend 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT as the preferred modality in pediatric PPGL. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT may evolve as a preferred imaging modality for disease surveillance in VHL.

scholarly journals Non-FDG PET/CT in Diagnostic Oncology: a pictorial review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Giammarile ◽  
Paolo Castellucci ◽  
Rudi Dierckx ◽  
Enrique Estrada Lobato ◽  
Mohsen Farsad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Pet Radiopharmaceuticals

AbstractPositron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is currently one of the main imaging modalities for cancer patients worldwide. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has earned its global recognition in the modern management of cancer patients and is rapidly becoming an important imaging modality for patients with cardiac, neurological, and infectious/inflammatory conditions.Despite its proven benefits, FDG has limitations in the assessment of several relevant tumours such as prostate cancer. Therefore, there has been a pressing need for the development and clinical application of different PET radiopharmaceuticals that could image these tumours more precisely. Accordingly, several non-FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals have been introduced into the clinical arena for management of cancer. This trend will undoubtedly continue to spread internationally. The use of PET/CT with different PET radiopharmaceuticals specific to tumour type and biological process being assessed is part of the personalised precision medicine approach.The objective of this publication is to provide a case-based method of understanding normal biodistribution, variants, and pitfalls, including several examples of different imaging appearances for the main oncological indications for each of the new non-FDG PET radiopharmaceuticals. This should facilitate the interpretation and recognition of common variants and pitfalls to ensure that, in clinical practice, the official report is accurate and helpful.Some of these radiopharmaceuticals are already commercially available in many countries (e.g. 68Ga-DOTATATE and DOTATOC), others are in the process of becoming available (e.g. 68Ga-PSMA), and some are still being researched. However, this list is subject to change as some radiopharmaceuticals are increasingly utilised, while others gradually decrease in use.

scholarly journals Nuclear medicine staff exposure to ionising radiation in 18F-FDG PET/CT practice: a preliminary retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Bojan Pavičar ◽  
Jasna Davidović ◽  
Biljana Petrović ◽  
Goran Vuleta ◽  
Saša Trivić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Dose Monitoring ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract This retrospective study provides an insight into the levels of radiation exposure of six nuclear medicine (NM) staff (four technologists and two nurses) performing routine diagnostic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) at the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Thyroid Disorders, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data analysis included monthly staff exposure measured with personal thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) between June and December 2018, quantified in terms of normalised dose for the whole body [Hp(10)] and dominant hand [Hp(0.07)] and their comparison between each staff member and between the two groups (technologists and nurses). The study goal was to establish how our Department compared with reports from other PET/CT centres worldwide in terms of annual number of procedures and exposure limits and whether there could be room for further improvements in radiation protection. The number of procedures rose considerably from 208 in 2016 to 876 in 2019 and was 423 in the observed seven-month period. Mean individual whole-body exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity, [Hp(10)/A] was 18.55 μSv/GBq for the four technologists and 15.61 μSv/GBq for the two nurses. Mean dominant-hand exposure dose per GBq of injected 18F-FDG activity [Hp(0.07)/A] was 16.99 μSv/GBq and 25.44 μSv/GBq for the two groups, respectively. The average annual cumulative dose for all staff was (1.06±0.29) mSv for Hp(10) and (1.15±0.32) mSv for Hp(0.07). These results are comparable with those of similar studies. Staff doses were well below the annual limits. Nurses received slightly higher extremity doses than technologists. In view of the increasing trends in the number of PET/CT procedures, dose monitoring should be continued to identify exposure hotspots and maintain doses as low as possible.

scholarly journals Predicting distant metastases in soft-tissue sarcomas from PET-CT scans using constrained hierarchical multi-modality feature learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yige Peng ◽  
Lei Bi ◽  
Ashnil Kumar ◽  
Michael Fulham ◽  
David Dagan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Tumor Delineation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Abstract Objective: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is regarded as the imaging modality of choice for the management of soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs). Distant metastases (DM) are the leading cause of death in STS patients and early detection is important to effectively manage tumors with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this study, we aim to early detect DM in patients with STS using their PET-CT data. Approach: We derive a new convolutional neural network (CNN) method for early DM detection. The novelty of our method is the introduction of a constrained hierarchical multi-modality feature learning approach to integrate functional imaging (PET) features with anatomical imaging (CT) features. In addition, we removed the reliance on manual input, e.g., tumor delineation, for extracting imaging features. Main results: Our experimental results on a well-established benchmark PET-CT dataset show that our method achieved the highest accuracy (0.896) and AUC (0.903) scores when compared to the state-of-the-art methods (unpaired student’s t-test p-value < 0.05). Significance: Our method could be an effective and supportive tool to aid physicians in tumor quantification and in identifying image biomarkers for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Theranostics: New Era in Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmaceuticals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Deep Kaur ◽  
Koushlesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Anil Sahu ◽  
Rajnikant Panik ◽  
Pankaj Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Current Scenario

Malignancy and many inflammatory diseases have become a major concern for mankind over the years. The conventional therapy of these diseases lacks the effectiveness of the better diagnosis and targeted treatment of these diseases, but nuclear medicine can be regarded as a savior in the current scenario. Over the years, radioactivity of radioisotopes has been employed for treatment of many diseases. Nuclear medicines came up with radiopharmaceuticals that impart the ability to destroy specific diseased cells with high-energy-emitting radionuclides. Moreover, the emergence of theranostics, which is a combination of single drug used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purpose, has added a new feather in the field of nuclear medicines for providing a specific and personalized treatment to the patient. The current chapter discusses about techniques used for imaging of these radionuclides for better therapy and diagnosis of the root cause of the concerned disease by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with them. It also describes about applications of theranostics and nuclear imaging in cancer treatment and their future perspective.

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