Tolerance of Free Speech in the United States and West Germany, 1970-79: An Analysis of Public Opinion Survey Data

Social Forces ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Weil
2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932110314
Author(s):  
David Rozado ◽  
Musa Al-Gharbi ◽  
Jamin Halberstadt

This work analyzes the prevalence of words denoting prejudice in 27 million news and opinion articles written between 1970 and 2019 and published in 47 of the most popular news media outlets in the United States. Our results show that the frequency of words that denote specific prejudice types related to ethnicity, gender, sexual, and religious orientation has markedly increased within the 2010–2019 decade across most news media outlets. This phenomenon starts prior to, but appears to accelerate after, 2015. The frequency of prejudice-denoting words in news articles is not synchronous across all outlets, with the yearly prevalence of such words in some influential news media outlets being predictive of those words’ usage frequency in other outlets the following year. Increasing prevalence of prejudice-denoting words in news media discourse is often substantially correlated with U.S. public opinion survey data on growing perceptions of minorities’ mistreatment. Granger tests suggest that the prevalence of prejudice-denoting terms in news outlets might be predictive of shifts in public perceptions of prejudice severity in society for some, but not all, types of prejudice.


Author(s):  
Caroline Beunckens ◽  
Cristina Sotto ◽  
Geert Molenberghs ◽  
Geert Verbeke

Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Knoll and ◽  
Cammie Jo Bolin

This chapter returns to the public opinion survey data to examine the same question as the previous chapter but from a quantitative perspective. In general, the evidence shows that the presence of female clergy, policies regarding female clergy, and lay female leadership in congregations matter in terms of people’s level of religiosity, spirituality, and trust in and identification with their congregations. These effects, though, are more modest than often asserted: women in congregations with the strongest degree of female leadership have levels of religiosity—about 13% higher than women in congregations with the maximum amount of male leadership. The evidence also shows that sharing leadership equally between men and women would produce similar results. Most interestingly, we find that the effects are found not only among women but especially among political and theological progressives.


1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
S.A. Dodd ◽  
P.M. Rector

Author(s):  
Umut Aydin

ABSTRACT In the last two decades, competition agencies around the world have increasingly directed their attention to enforcement against cartels. With the encouragement of the antitrust authorities of the United States, and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, various countries have introduced leniency programs, and sanctions for individuals found guilty of colluding. Critics are concerned, however, that these measures are not backed by broad public support, which could jeopardize their enforcement. This paper explores public attitudes toward cartels in Chile, an emerging economy that introduced a leniency program in 2009 and criminal sanctions in 2016, by presenting the results of a public opinion survey conducted in this country in August–September 2019. The results of the survey show high awareness of cartels and the harm they cause, and high public disapproval of cartel conduct among the Chilean respondents. In particular, up to 70 percent of the respondents support prison sentences against individuals found guilty of colluding. Such strong public support for anti-cartel measures could be considered positive from the perspective of enforcement. The results also emphasize the importance of continued competition advocacy directed at the society to explain and gain public support for the anti-cartel agenda.


Energy Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 110888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhika Gupta ◽  
Matthew C. Nowlin ◽  
Joseph T. Ripberger ◽  
Hank C. Jenkins-Smith ◽  
Carol L. Silva

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