scholarly journals 0049 Odds Ratio Product as a Measure of Sleep Depth During REM Sleep: Effects on REM Duration and REM Sleep Fragmentation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A20-A20
Author(s):  
D R Mazzotti ◽  
M Younes
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Arousal Index ◽  
Sleep Depth

Abstract Introduction The odds ratio product (ORP) is a new highly-validated electroencephalogram biomarker of sleep depth. ORP has been validated as such by several studies investigating the effect of sleep disorders, responses to sleep deprivation and traffic noise. ORP during REM sleep varies considerably among individuals. Whether ORP reflects sleep depth also in REM sleep is unknown. We hypothesized that subjects with high REM ORP are more prone to REM sleep fragmentation. Methods Using data from the baseline (SHHS1; N=5,537) and follow-up (SHHS2; N=2,595) visits of the Sleep Heart Health Study, we calculated and summarized ORP in 30-second intervals corresponding to manually scored sleep stage epochs. We developed a heuristic to identify REM periods, defined as sequences of REM sleep epochs separated by no more than 10 minutes of other sleep stages or wake epochs. Using general linear models adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, race and ethnicity, we evaluated the relationship between REM ORP and total REM duration, number of awakening episodes per REM period and arousal index during REM sleep. Results Higher REM ORP was correlated with shorter total REM duration (ρ SHHS1=-0.12; p &lt 0.001, ρ SHHS2=-0.07; p &lt 0.001), more awakening episodes (ρ SHHS1=0.26; p<0.001, ρ SHHS2=0.30; p &lt 0.001) and higher arousal index (ρ SHHS1=0.18; p &lt 0.001, ρ SHHS2=0.16; p &lt < 0.001) during identified REM periods. In adjusted analyses, one-unit increase in REM ORP was associated, on average, with a 7 minute decrease in total REM duration (β=-7.10; p &lt 0.001), 1 more awakening episode per REM period (β=1.29; p &lt 0.001) and an increase of 6 arousals/hour (β=6.16; p &lt 0.001) during REM sleep periods. Conclusion We found that higher REM ORP was associated with shorter REM periods, higher proportion of awake during REM periods and higher REM arousal index. Although small, these differences suggest that ORP is consistent with the concept of sleep depth also during REM sleep. Support None

scholarly journals Sleep, Subcortical Stimulation and Kindling in the Cat

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanaka ◽  
H. Lange ◽  
R. Naquet
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mesencephalic Reticular Formation ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Central Gray Matter ◽  
Spike Discharge ◽  
Amygdaloid Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARY:A longitudinal study of the effects of sleep on amygdaloid kindling showed that kindling disrupted normal sleep patterns by reducing REM sleep and increasing awake time. Few interictal spike discharges were observed during the awake stage, while a marked increase in discharge was observed during the light and deep sleep stages. No discharges were observed during REM sleep. During the immediate post-stimulation period the nonstimulated amygdala showed a much higher rate of spike discharge. On the other hand, there was an increase in spike discharge in the stimulated amygdala during natural sleep without preceding amygdaloid stimulation. Amygdaloid stimulation at the generalized seizure threshold during each sleep stage resulted in a generalized convulsion.The influence of subcortical electrical stimulation on kindled amygdaloid convulsions was investigated in a second experiment. Stimulation of the centre median and the caudate nucleus was without effect on kindled convulsions, while stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation at high frequency (300 Hz) reduced the latency of onset of kindled generalized convulsions. Stimulation of the nucleus ventralis lateralis of the thalamus at low frequency (10 Hz) prolonged the convulsion latency, and at high current levels blocked the induced convulsion. Stimulation in the central gray matter at low frequency (10 Hz) also blocked kindled amygdaloid convulsions.

scholarly journals 1193 Accuracy of a Commercial Wearable in Detecting Sleep Stages Compared to Polysomnography in Adults: Considering Sleep Classification Methods and Effects of Evening Alcohol Consumption

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A456-A457 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Menghini ◽  
V Alschuler ◽  
S Claudatos ◽  
A Goldstone ◽  
F Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Wake Patterns ◽  
Wake Detection ◽  
Data Management Platform

Abstract Introduction Commercial wearable devices have shown the capability of collecting and processing multisensor information (motion, cardiac activity), claiming to be able to measure sleep-wake patterns and differentiate sleep stages. While using these devices, users should be aware of their accuracy, sources of measurement error and contextual factors that may affect their performance. Here, we evaluated the agreement between Fitbit Charge 2™ and PSG in adults, considering effects of two different sleep classification methods and pre-sleep alcohol consumption. Methods Laboratory-based synchronized recordings of device and PSG data were obtained from 14 healthy adults (42.6±9.7y; 6 women), who slept between one and three nights in the lab, for a total of 27 nights of data. On 10 of these nights, participants consumed alcohol (up to 4 standard drinks) in the 2 hours before bedtime. Device performance relative to PSG was evaluated using epoch-by-epoch and Bland-Altman analyses, with device data obtained from a data-management platform, Fitabase, via two methods one that accounts for short wakes (SW, awakenings that last less than 180s) and one that does not (not-SW). Results SW and not-SW methods were similar in scoring (96.76% agreement across epochs), although the SW method had better accuracy for differentiating “light”, “deep”, and REM sleep; but produced more false positives in wake detection. The device (SW-method) classified epochs of wake, “light” (N1+N2), “deep” (N3) and REM sleep with 56%, 77%, 46%, and 62% sensitivity, respectively. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the device significantly underestimated “light” (~19min) and “deep” (~26min) sleep. Alcohol consumption enhanced PSG-device discrepancies, in particular for REM sleep (p=0.01). Conclusion Our results indicate promising accuracy in sleep-wake and sleep stage identification for this device, particularly when accounting for short wakes, as compared to PSG. Alcohol consumption, as well as other potential confounders that could affect measurement accuracy should be further investigated. Support This study was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) grant R21-AA024841 (IMC and MdZ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views the National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Why Are Seizures Rare in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep? Review of the Frequency of Seizures in Different Sleep Stages

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Ng ◽  
Milena Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Interictal Discharges

Since the formal characterization of sleep stages, there have been reports that seizures may preferentially occur in certain phases of sleep. Through ascending cholinergic connections from the brainstem, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is physiologically characterized by low voltage fast activity on the electroencephalogram, REMs, and muscle atonia. Multiple independent studies confirm that, in REM sleep, there is a strikingly low proportion of seizures (~1% or less). We review a total of 42 distinct conventional and intracranial studies in the literature which comprised a net of 1458 patients. Indexed to duration, we found that REM sleep was the most protective stage of sleep against focal seizures, generalized seizures, focal interictal discharges, and two particular epilepsy syndromes. REM sleep had an additional protective effect compared to wakefulness with an average 7.83 times fewer focal seizures, 3.25 times fewer generalized seizures, and 1.11 times fewer focal interictal discharges. In further studies REM sleep has also demonstrated utility in localizing epileptogenic foci with potential translation into postsurgical seizure freedom. Based on emerging connectivity data in sleep, we hypothesize that the influence of REM sleep on seizures is due to a desynchronized EEG pattern which reflects important connectivity differences unique to this sleep stage.

scholarly journals Modulation of the ultradian human nasal cycle by sleep stage and body position

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Frye ◽  
Deborah F. Rosin ◽  
Adrian R. Morrison ◽  
Fidias E. Leon-Sarmiento ◽  
Richard L. Doty
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulation ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective: The nasal cycle, which is present in a significant number of people, is an ultradian side-to-side rhythm of nasal engorgement associated with cyclic autonomic activity. We studied the nasal cycle during REM/non-REM sleep stages and examined the potentially confounding influence of body position on lateralized nasal airflow. Methods: Left- and right-side nasal airflow was measured in six subjects during an eight-hour sleep period using nasal thermistors. Polysomnography was performed. Simultaneously, body positions were monitored using a video camera in conjunction with infrared lighting. Results: Significantly greater airflow occurred through the right nasal chamber (relative to the left) during periods of REM sleep than during periods of non-REM sleep (p<0.001). Both body position (p < 0.001) and sleep stage (p < 0.001) influenced nasal airflow lateralization. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the lateralization of nasal airflow and sleep stage are related. Some types of asymmetrical somatosensory stimulation can alter this relationship.

scholarly journals Impact of sound stimulation during different sleep stages in patients with tinnitus

Loquens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 053
Author(s):  
Marisa Pedemonte ◽  
Marcela Díaz ◽  
Eduardo Medina-Ferret ◽  
Martín Testa
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Sound Stimulation ◽  
Paired Student ◽  
Before And After

It is known that auditory information is continuously processed both during wakefulness and sleep. Consistently, it has been shown that sound stimulation mimicking tinnitus during sleep decreases the intensity of tinnitus and improves the patients’ quality of life. The mechanisms underlying this effect are not known. To begin to address this question, eleven patients suffering from tinnitus were stimulated with sound mimicking tinnitus at different sleep stages; 4 were stimulated in N2, 4 in stage N3 (slow waves sleep) and 3 in REM sleep (stage with Rapid Eyes Movements). Patients’ sleep stage was monitored through polysomnography, for sound stimulation application. Tinnitus level reported by subjects were compared the days before and after stimulation and statistically analyzed (paired Student t test). All patients stimulated at stage N2 reported significantly lower tinnitus intensity the day after stimulation, while none stimulated during stage N3 and only one out of three stimulated during REM sleep showed changes. These results are consistent with studies showing that sound stimulation during N2 (sleep stage with spindles) changes power spectrum and coherence of electroencephalographic signals, and suggest that the N2 sleep stage is a critical period for reducing tinnitus intensity using this therapeutic strategy, during which auditory processing networks are more malleable by sound stimulation.

scholarly journals Obstructive sleep apnea: acute effects of CPAP on polyssonographic variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Colomé Beck ◽  
Chaiane Facco Piccin ◽  
Luiz Carlos Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Fabrício Scapini ◽  
Reinaldo Fernando Coser Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Arousal Index ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Introduction The use of non-invasive ventilation in the form of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is among the main therapeutic options for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Yet the effects of CPAP obtained on the first night of use are underreported. Objective To evaluate the acute effects of CPAP on polysomnographic variables in patients with OSA. Materials and methods This study is a case series with 31 patients (55.8 ± 11.4 years; 22 men) in the initial phase of CPAP treatment. The subjects were evaluated by means of polysomnography with and without CPAP (10.2 ± 3.1 cmH2O) and without CPAP, on different days, by means of the following variables: sleep stages 1, 2 and 3 (N1, N2 and N3), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, apnea and hypopnea index (AHI), AHI in REM sleep (AHIREM) and the micro-arousal index (MAI). Results The use of CPAP resulted in a reduction of N2 (p < 0.001), AHI (p < 0.001), AHIREM (p < 0.001) and MAI (p = 0.001). There was an increase in N3 (p = 0.006) and REM sleep (p < 0.001) during the night with use of CPAP. Conclusion This study demonstrated that, from the first night of use by patients with OSA, CPAP promotes greater balance between sleep phases, and improves sleep quality. These results should be presented to patients and their families in order to encourage greater adherence in the initial phase of treatment with CPAP.

Objective REM sleep characteristics of recurrent isolated sleep paralysis: a case-control study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kliková ◽  
Marek Piorecký ◽  
Eva Miletínová ◽  
Karolina Janků ◽  
Daniela Urbaczka Dudysová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Sleep Paralysis ◽  
Arousal Index ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isolated Sleep Paralysis

Abstract Study Objectives Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) is a rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnia characterized by a dissociative state with characteristics of REM sleep and wakefulness. Pathophysiology has not yet been clarified and very little research has been performed using objective polysomnographic measures with inconsistent results. The main aim of our study was to find whether higher REM sleep fragmentation is consistent with the theory of state dissociation or whether signs of dissociation can be detected by spectral analysis. Methods Nineteen participants in the RISP group and 19 age- and gender-matched participants in the control group underwent two consecutive full-night video-polysomnography recordings with 19-channel electroencephalography. Apart from sleep macrostructure, other REM sleep characteristics such as REM arousal index, percentage of wakefulness and stage shifts within REM sleep period were analyzed, as well as power spectral analysis during REM sleep. Results No difference was found in the macrostructural parameters of REM sleep (percentage of REM sleep and REM latency). Similarly, no significant difference was detected in REM sleep fragmentation (assessed by REM sleep arousal index, percentage of wakefulness and stage shifts within REM sleep). Power spectral analysis showed higher bifrontal beta activity in the RISP group during REM sleep. Conclusions The results showed an underlying persistent trait of higher cortical activity that may predispose patients with SP to be more likely to experience recurrent episodes, without any apparent macrostructural features including higher REM sleep fragmentation.

scholarly journals 0746 Dynamics of Sleep Stage Transitions in Patients with Narcolepsy and Other Hypersomnias

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A283-A284
Author(s):  
A Kishi ◽  
T Kitajima ◽  
R Kawai ◽  
M Hirose ◽  
N Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Sleep Transition

Abstract Introduction Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and abnormal REM sleep phenomena. Narcolepsy can be distinguished into type 1 (NT1; with cataplexy) and type 2 (NT2; without cataplexy). It has been reported that sleep stage sequences at sleep-onset as well as sleep-wake dynamics across the night may be useful in the differential diagnosis of hypersomnia. Here we studied dynamic features of sleep stage transitions during whole night sleep in patients with NT1, NT2, and other types of hypersomnia (o-HS). Methods Twenty patients with NT1, 14 patients with NT2, and 35 patients with o-HS underwent overnight PSG. Transition probabilities between sleep stages (wake, N1, N2, N3, and REM) and survival curves of continuous runs of each sleep stage were compared between groups. Transition-specific survival curves of continuous runs of each sleep stage, dependent on the subsequent stage of the transition, were also compared. Results The probability of transitions from N1-to-wake was significantly greater in NT1 than in NT2 and o-HS while that from N1-to-N2 was significantly smaller in NT1 than in NT2 and o-HS. The probability of transitions from N2-to-REM was significantly smaller in NT1 than in o-HS. Wake and N1 were significantly more continuous in NT1 than in NT2; specifically, N1 followed by N2 was significantly more continuous in NT1 than in NT2 and o-HS. N2 was significantly less continuous in NT1 and NT2 than in o-HS; this was specifically confirmed for N2 followed by N1/wake. REM sleep was significantly less continuous in NT1 than in NT2 and o-HS; specifically, REM sleep followed by wake was significantly less continuous in NT1 than in o-HS. Continuity of N3 did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion Dynamics of sleep stage transitions differed between NT1, NT2, and o-HS. Dynamic features of sleep such as sleep instability, persistency of wake/N1, and REM fragmentation may differentiate NT1 from NT2, while N2 continuity may differentiate narcolepsy from o-HS. The results suggest that sleep transition analysis may be of clinical utility and provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of hypersomnia and narcolepsy. Support JSPS KAKENHI (18K17891 to AK).

scholarly journals 0131 Planes, Trains And Automobiles: Traffic Noise And Its Impact On Sleep Depth Measured By Odds Ratio Product

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A54-A54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Smith ◽  
Magdy Younes ◽  
Daniel Aeschbach ◽  
Uwe Müller ◽  
Mathias Basner
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Sleep Depth

Sleep Stage Transitions in Healthy Humans Altered by Central Monoaminergic Antagonist

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (05) ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kishi ◽  
H. Yasuda ◽  
T. Matsumoto ◽  
Y. Inami ◽  
J. Horiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Sleep Rhythms ◽  
Dynamical Aspect

Summary Objectives: Sleep stage transitions constitute one of the key components of the dynamical aspect of sleep. However, neural mechanisms of sleep stage transitions have not, to date, been fully elucidated. We investigate the effects of administrating risperi-done, a central serotonergic and dopaminergic antagonist, on sleep stage transitions inhumans, and also on ultradian rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep rhythms. Methods: Ten healthy young male volunteers (age: 22 ± 3.7 years) participated in this study. The subjects spent three nights in a sleep laboratory. The first was the adaptation night, and the second was the baseline night. On the third night, the subjects received risperidone (1 mg tablet) 30 min before the polysomnography recording. We measured and investigated transition probabilities between waking, REM and non-REM (stages I–IV) sleep stages. Results: We found that the probability of transition from stage II to stage III was significantly greater for the risperidone night than for the baseline night. We also found that risperidone administration prolonged REM-onset intervals, when compared to the baseline night. Conclusions: We demonstrate that central serotonergic and /or dopaminergic neural transmissions are involved in the regulation of sleep stage transitions from light (stage II) to deep (stage III) sleep, and also in determining ultradian REM sleep rhythms.

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