scholarly journals Associations between sleep and cognitive performance in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie M Swanson ◽  
Michelle M Hood ◽  
Martica H Hall ◽  
Howard M Kravitz ◽  
Karen A Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
White Women ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Study Objectives To determine whether actigraphy-assessed indices of sleep are associated with cognitive performance in women, and explore whether these associations vary by race/ethnicity. Methods Participants were 1,126 postmenopausal community-dwelling females (mean age 65 years) from the observational Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN); 25% were black, 46% white, 13% Chinese, 11% Japanese, and 5% Hispanic. Actigraphy-assessed sleep measures included total sleep time, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and fragmentation. Cognitive measures included immediate and delayed verbal memory, working memory, and information processing speed. All measures were assessed in conjunction with SWAN annual visit 15. Results Across the sample, after covariate adjustment, greater WASO and fragmentation were concurrently associated with slower information processing speed. Black participants had significantly worse sleep relative to other race/ethnic groups. Significant race/sleep interactions were observed; in black, but not white, participants, greater fragmentation was concurrently associated with worse verbal memory and slower information processing speed, and greater WASO was concurrently associated with slower information processing speed. Sleep-cognitive performance associations were not different in Chinese and Japanese participants relative to white participants. Conclusions Greater wakefulness and fragmentation during sleep are concurrently associated with slower information processing. Sleep continuity impacted concurrent cognitive performance in black, but not white, women. This effect may not have been detected in white women because their sleep was largely within the normal range. Future longitudinal studies in diverse samples are critical to further understand whether race/ethnicity moderates the influence of sleep on cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Information Processing Speed and 8-Year Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Iwasa ◽  
Ichiro Kai ◽  
Yuko Yoshida ◽  
Takao Suzuki ◽  
Hunkyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Elderly Japanese

Varenicline improves information processing speed and verbal memory in methamphetamine-dependent participants

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. e152
Author(s):  
Ari Kalechstein ◽  
James Mahoney ◽  
Christopher D. Verrico ◽  
Tabish Iqbal ◽  
Richard De La Garza
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Information Processing Speed

scholarly journals Association of low-frequency and rare coding variants with information processing speed

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bressler ◽  
Gail Davies ◽  
Albert V. Smith ◽  
Yasaman Saba ◽  
Joshua C. Bis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Coding Variants

AbstractMeasures of information processing speed vary between individuals and decline with age. Studies of aging twins suggest heritability may be as high as 67%. The Illumina HumanExome Bead Chip genotyping array was used to examine the association of rare coding variants with performance on the Digit-Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) in community-dwelling adults participating in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) Consortium. DSST scores were available for 30,576 individuals of European ancestry from nine cohorts and for 5758 individuals of African ancestry from four cohorts who were older than 45 years and free of dementia and clinical stroke. Linear regression models adjusted for age and gender were used for analysis of single genetic variants, and the T5, T1, and T01 burden tests that aggregate the number of rare alleles by gene were also applied. Secondary analyses included further adjustment for education. Meta-analyses to combine cohort-specific results were carried out separately for each ancestry group. Variants in RNF19A reached the threshold for statistical significance (p = 2.01 × 10−6) using the T01 test in individuals of European descent. RNF19A belongs to the class of E3 ubiquitin ligases that confer substrate specificity when proteins are ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation through the 26S proteasome. Variants in SLC22A7 and OR51A7 were suggestively associated with DSST scores after adjustment for education for African-American participants and in the European cohorts, respectively. Further functional characterization of its substrates will be required to confirm the role of RNF19A in cognitive function.

Targeted Cognitive Game Training Enhances Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With Interferon Beta 1-a

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shay Menascu ◽  
Roy Aloni ◽  
Mark Dolev ◽  
David Magalashvili ◽  
Keren Gutman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Information Processing Speed

Abstract BackgroundPrevention of cognitive decline in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is of major importance. We explored the effect of short-term computerized game training on cognitive performance in MS patients with mild cognitive impairment.MethodsWe enrolled in this prospective study 100 eligible MS patients treated with Interferon-beta-1a (Rebif). All had mild cognitive impairment in either executive function or information processing speed. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either use the cognitive games platform byHappyNeuron (HN) or receive no intervention. Executive function and information processing speed scores were measured at 3 and 6 months from baseline to evaluate the effect of game training on cognitive scores.ResultsIn both executive function and information processing speed, the game Training group showed significant improvement after 3 and 6 months. The Non-Training group showed mild deterioration in both domains at 3 months, and further deterioration that became significant at 6 months in executive function. Furthermore, at 6 months, the percent of patients in the Training group that improved or remained stable in both cognitive domains was significantly higher compared to the Non-Training group.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cognitive game training has a beneficial effect on cognitive performance in MS patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment. While further evaluation is required to assess the longevity of that effect, we nonetheless recommend to MS patients to be engaged in cognitive gaming practice as part of a holistic approach to treating their condition.

Functional Outcome in TBI II: Verbal Memory and Information Processing Speed Mediators

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Rassovsky ◽  
Paul Satz ◽  
Mark S. Alfano ◽  
Roger K. Light ◽  
Kenneth Zaucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Information Processing Speed

Effects of Partial Sleep Deprivation on Information Processing Speed in Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairav Cohen-Zion ◽  
Adi Shabi ◽  
Sigal Levy ◽  
Laura Glasner ◽  
Avigail Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Sleep Loss ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Timed Test

AbstractObjectives: Although chronic sleep loss is highly common among teens, few objective sleep studies have examined its effects on cognitive performance, and specifically on information processing speed (IPS), a measure of cognitive proficiency. Methods: Forty-five adolescents underwent four consecutive nights of monitored sleep restriction (6–6.5 hr/night) and four nights of sleep extension (10–10.5 hr/night), in counterbalanced order, and separated by a washout period. Following each sleep period, cognitive performance was assessed, at a fixed morning time, using a computerized neuropsychological battery including an IPS task, a timed test providing both accuracy and reaction time outcome measures. Results: Overall IPS performance was poorer in the restricted when compared to the extended condition. Increasing task load and pace were associated with increased accuracy for both sleep conditions. However, a significant pace by load interaction effect was only found in the extended condition, with post hoc tests showing that for medium and hard loads, IPS accuracies were better with increasing pace of task. Differences in IPS reaction times were not found between the sleep conditions. In addition, sleep-related changes in IPS indices were correlated with changes in executive function, motor skill, and attention performance. Conclusions: Adolescents’ ability to process information may be especially vulnerable to sleep loss. Under ideal sleep conditions, however, they seem to be able to achieve optimal performance, particularly on more challenging problems. The functional implications of these findings may be particularly relevant to teens, who are often sleep deprived and are constantly required to process academic, social, and emotional input. (JINS, 2016, 22, 388–398)

Lack of a chemobrain effect for adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy in colon cancer patients: A pilot study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14018-e14018
Author(s):  
Alberto Zaniboni ◽  
Federica Andreis ◽  
Marco Ferri ◽  
Maria Mazzocchi ◽  
Fausto Meriggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Trial Making Test

e14018 Background: Chemotherapy improves the survival rate of stage III colon cancer patients. The combination of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (the FOLFOX4 regimen) has emerged as the standard of care. Cognitive changes and disfunction after cancer chemotherapy are increasingly reported as a disturbing side-effect in cancer survivors. This prospective study evaluates potential alterations in cognitive function in Folfox4-treated patients. Methods: We evaluated 57 consecutive colorectal cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX4. Patients underwent a complete battery of neuropsychological tests at three different times: before (T0), at the end (T1) and six months after treatment (T2). Changes in neuropsychological test scores at T0, T1 and T2 were compared with a two tail t-test (T1-T0, T2-T1, T2-T0), using the repeated measure ANOVA model. Results: We have analyzed cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE), visuo-spatial memory, information processing speed (Trial Making Test-A and Trial Making Test-B), verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), emotional distress (Psychological Distress Inventory), anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). We found no cognitive impairment in time considered, as we found a median MMSE score of 27,51 ± 1,21 at T0, 27,63 ± 0,65 at T1 and 27,26 ± 1,17 at T2. We noticed some transient variations in tests evaluating verbal memory and in information processing speed performances. The only significative scores modifications were those related to anxiety and depression. Conclusions: We found no significant effect on cognitive function related to chemotherapy, the only little modification is about some emotional performance during chemotherapy. These findings may be explained by the central role of the psychological adaptation process, which occurs during the period from diagnosis to completion of treatment and is characterized by anxiety and adjustment depression. Our results seem to rule out any significant cognitive impairment due to adjuvant Folfox4 chemotherapy in colon cancer patients.

scholarly journals Sex Steroid Hormones and Fracture in a Multiethnic Cohort of Women: The Women’s Health Initiative Study (WHI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1538-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
Michelle E. Danielson ◽  
Guru Rajesh Jammy ◽  
Doug C. Bauer ◽  
Rebecca Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
White Women ◽  
Risk Of Fracture ◽  
Women's Health Initiative ◽  
Women’S Health Initiative ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Context: We hypothesize that endogenous sex steroids are associated with fracture risk independent of race/ethnicity. Design and Setting: We performed a nested case-control study within the prospective Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Incident nonspine fractures were identified in 381 black, 192 Hispanic, 112 Asian, and 46 Native American women over an average of 8.6 years. A random sample of 400 white women who experienced an incident fracture was chosen. One control was selected per case and matched on age, race/ethnicity, and blood draw date. Bioavailable estradiol (BioE2), bioavailable testosterone (BioT), and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were measured using baseline fasting serum. Conditional logistic regression models calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of fracture across tertiles of hormone. Results: In multivariable and race/ethnicity-adjusted models, higher BioE2 (>8.25 pg/mL) and higher BioT (>13.3 ng/dL) were associated with decreased risk of fracture (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.85; P trend = 0.001 and OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.96; P trend = 0.02, respectively). The interaction term between race/ethnicity and either BioE2 or BioT was not significant. There was no association between SHBG and fracture risk. In models stratifying by race/ethnicity, higher BioE2 was associated with a lower risk of fracture in both white women (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.87) and black women (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.96). Higher BioT was associated with a significantly lower fracture risk in only black women (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.00), P trend = 0.03. Conclusions: Serum BioE2 and BioT are associated with fracture risk in older women irrespective of race/ethnicity and independent of established risk factors for fracture.

Memory and verbal learning functions in twins with bipolar-I disorder, and the role of information-processing speed

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUULA KIESEPPÄ ◽  
ANNAMARI TUULIO-HENRIKSSON ◽  
JARI HAUKKA ◽  
THEO VAN ERP ◽  
DAVID GLAHN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Memory Functioning

Background. Euthymic bipolar-I disorder (BP I) patients and their siblings have shown impairments in verbal learning and memory functions compared with controls, suggesting that these impairments may be genetic in origin. Reduced information-processing speed has been associated with impaired memory in the elderly, and recently in schizophrenia. The authors compared verbal learning and memory functioning in twins with BP I and co-twins to control twins, and examined whether the observed deficits are related to information-processing speed.Method. Finnish Medical and Population Registers and Twin Cohorts were used to identify the BP I and control twins. Neuropsychological tests assessing verbal learning and memory, working memory, facial recognition, visual memory, and information-processing speed were administered to 26 BP I twins, 19 non-bipolar co-twins, and 114 controls. Group differences were analyzed by generalized estimation equation modeling.Results. BP I patients, but not co-twins, showed impairments in all memory tests compared with controls. Female co-twins showed impairment in verbal learning and memory. Information-processing speed had a significant effect on encoding and learning efficiency.Conclusions. This study showed for the first time that information-processing speed is related to memory functioning and verbal learning in BP I in a population-based, representative and euthymic sample. Furthermore, the data support the view that defects in verbal memory may be related to the genetic factors predisposing to BP I in females.

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