Varenicline improves information processing speed and verbal memory in methamphetamine-dependent participants

e14018 Background: Chemotherapy improves the survival rate of stage III colon cancer patients. The combination of oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (the FOLFOX4 regimen) has emerged as the standard of care. Cognitive changes and disfunction after cancer chemotherapy are increasingly reported as a disturbing side-effect in cancer survivors. This prospective study evaluates potential alterations in cognitive function in Folfox4-treated patients. Methods: We evaluated 57 consecutive colorectal cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX4. Patients underwent a complete battery of neuropsychological tests at three different times: before (T0), at the end (T1) and six months after treatment (T2). Changes in neuropsychological test scores at T0, T1 and T2 were compared with a two tail t-test (T1-T0, T2-T1, T2-T0), using the repeated measure ANOVA model. Results: We have analyzed cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE), visuo-spatial memory, information processing speed (Trial Making Test-A and Trial Making Test-B), verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), emotional distress (Psychological Distress Inventory), anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory). We found no cognitive impairment in time considered, as we found a median MMSE score of 27,51 ± 1,21 at T0, 27,63 ± 0,65 at T1 and 27,26 ± 1,17 at T2. We noticed some transient variations in tests evaluating verbal memory and in information processing speed performances. The only significative scores modifications were those related to anxiety and depression. Conclusions: We found no significant effect on cognitive function related to chemotherapy, the only little modification is about some emotional performance during chemotherapy. These findings may be explained by the central role of the psychological adaptation process, which occurs during the period from diagnosis to completion of treatment and is characterized by anxiety and adjustment depression. Our results seem to rule out any significant cognitive impairment due to adjuvant Folfox4 chemotherapy in colon cancer patients.

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Associations between sleep and cognitive performance in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa182 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Leslie M Swanson ◽

Michelle M Hood ◽

Martica H Hall ◽

Howard M Kravitz ◽

Karen A Matthews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

White Women ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Race Ethnicity

Abstract Study Objectives To determine whether actigraphy-assessed indices of sleep are associated with cognitive performance in women, and explore whether these associations vary by race/ethnicity. Methods Participants were 1,126 postmenopausal community-dwelling females (mean age 65 years) from the observational Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN); 25% were black, 46% white, 13% Chinese, 11% Japanese, and 5% Hispanic. Actigraphy-assessed sleep measures included total sleep time, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and fragmentation. Cognitive measures included immediate and delayed verbal memory, working memory, and information processing speed. All measures were assessed in conjunction with SWAN annual visit 15. Results Across the sample, after covariate adjustment, greater WASO and fragmentation were concurrently associated with slower information processing speed. Black participants had significantly worse sleep relative to other race/ethnic groups. Significant race/sleep interactions were observed; in black, but not white, participants, greater fragmentation was concurrently associated with worse verbal memory and slower information processing speed, and greater WASO was concurrently associated with slower information processing speed. Sleep-cognitive performance associations were not different in Chinese and Japanese participants relative to white participants. Conclusions Greater wakefulness and fragmentation during sleep are concurrently associated with slower information processing. Sleep continuity impacted concurrent cognitive performance in black, but not white, women. This effect may not have been detected in white women because their sleep was largely within the normal range. Future longitudinal studies in diverse samples are critical to further understand whether race/ethnicity moderates the influence of sleep on cognitive performance.

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Memory and verbal learning functions in twins with bipolar-I disorder, and the role of information-processing speed

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704003125 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 205-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

TUULA KIESEPPÄ ◽

ANNAMARI TUULIO-HENRIKSSON ◽

JARI HAUKKA ◽

THEO VAN ERP ◽

DAVID GLAHN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Bipolar I Disorder ◽

Memory Functioning

Background. Euthymic bipolar-I disorder (BP I) patients and their siblings have shown impairments in verbal learning and memory functions compared with controls, suggesting that these impairments may be genetic in origin. Reduced information-processing speed has been associated with impaired memory in the elderly, and recently in schizophrenia. The authors compared verbal learning and memory functioning in twins with BP I and co-twins to control twins, and examined whether the observed deficits are related to information-processing speed.Method. Finnish Medical and Population Registers and Twin Cohorts were used to identify the BP I and control twins. Neuropsychological tests assessing verbal learning and memory, working memory, facial recognition, visual memory, and information-processing speed were administered to 26 BP I twins, 19 non-bipolar co-twins, and 114 controls. Group differences were analyzed by generalized estimation equation modeling.Results. BP I patients, but not co-twins, showed impairments in all memory tests compared with controls. Female co-twins showed impairment in verbal learning and memory. Information-processing speed had a significant effect on encoding and learning efficiency.Conclusions. This study showed for the first time that information-processing speed is related to memory functioning and verbal learning in BP I in a population-based, representative and euthymic sample. Furthermore, the data support the view that defects in verbal memory may be related to the genetic factors predisposing to BP I in females.

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MindStreams Staged Information Processing Speed (mild)

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t03242-000 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Ely Simon ◽

Avraham Schweiger

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Information Processing Speed

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INFORMATION-PROCESSING SPEED AND ASSESSMENT OF EARLY RESPONSE LATENCY AMONG STROKE PATIENTS

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.87.7.893-900 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 87 (7) ◽

pp. 893 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MICHEL LORANGER

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Response Latency ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Early Response ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Stroke Patients

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Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease Explain Sex Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Old Age?

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-201173 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Elisabeth Maria van Zutphen ◽

Judith Johanna Maria Rijnhart ◽

Didericke Rhebergen ◽

Majon Muller ◽

Martijn Huisman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Information Processing ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Information Processing Speed

Background: Sex differences in cognitive functioning in old age are known to exist yet are still poorly understood. Objective: This study examines to what extent differences in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease between men and women explain sex differences in cognitive functioning. Methods: Data from 2,724 older adults from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were used. Information processing speed and episodic memory, measured three times during six years of follow-up, served as outcomes. The mediating role of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease was examined in single and multiple mediator models. Determinant-mediator effects were estimated using linear or logistic regression, and determinant-outcome and mediator-outcome effects were estimated using linear mixed models. Indirect effects were estimated using the product-of-coefficients estimator. Results: Women scored 1.58 points higher on information processing speed and 1.53 points higher on episodic memory. Several cardiovascular risk factors had small mediating effects. The sex difference in information processing speed was mediated by smoking, depressive symptoms, obesity, and systolic blood pressure. The sex difference in episodic memory was mediated by smoking, physical activity, and depressive symptoms. Effects of smoking, LDL cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus on information processing speed differed between men and women. Conclusion: Differences in cardiovascular risk factors between women and men partially explained why women had better cognitive functioning. A healthy cardiovascular lifestyle seems beneficial for cognition and sex-specific strategies may be important to preserve cognitive functioning at older age.

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Habituation Rate and Free Exploration Tempo in 4-Month-Old Infants

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502548300600103 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 37-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Marie-Germaine Pecheux ◽

Roger Lécuyer

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Cognitive Style ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Individual Characteristic ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Habituation Rate ◽

Geometric Patterns ◽

Free Exploration ◽

Methodological Aspects ◽

Common Situation

If rate of habituation reflects information processing speed and is a stable individual characteristic, fast habituators should habituate relatively quickly to any stimulus, and slow habituators relatively slowly. Moreover, rate of habituation should be related to the baby's tendency to explore in any common situation. To examine these inferences, 24 four-month-old infants were habituated to four stimuli (two geometric patterns and two faces) successively, in two sessions, and observed in a free-exploration situation. The number of trials required to reach criterion in the habituation situations were not correlated, but total looking times to criterion were. Also, slow habituators stayed in the exploration situation for a relatively longer time and also explored a new toy for a longer time. Methodological aspects of habituation are discussed, and an interpretation of habituation sequences in terms of cognitive style is suggested.

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