Bedtimes, Bedtime Routines, and Children’s Sleep across the First Two Years of Life

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara H Fiese ◽  
Tianying Cai ◽  
Carolyn Sutter ◽  
Kelly K Bost
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strong Kids ◽  
Waking And Sleep ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
Bedtime Routine

Abstract Study Objectives The first objective of this study was to determine whether establishing bedtime routines in the first year of life predicts better sleep outcomes (i.e., longer sleep duration, less nighttime waking, earlier bedtime, shorter sleep latency, fewer sleep problems) across the first two years of life. The second objective was to determine whether specific adaptive bedtime activities (e.g., book reading) were associated with sleep outcomes. The third objective was to describe changes in adaptive bedtime activities (hug/kiss caregiver, say goodnight to family) across the first two years of life. Methods Parents of 468 children from the STRONG Kids 2 birth cohort were surveyed about bedtime and bedtime routines, their child’s sleep duration, nighttime waking, sleep latency and sleep problems at 3, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Results Cross-lagged panel models revealed partial evidence for reciprocal associations between bedtime routine consistency and adaptive bedtime activities and better sleep outcomes over time. Specifically, more bedtime routine consistency predicted less nighttime waking and sleep problems, and more bedtime adaptive activities predicted longer sleep duration and fewer sleep problems. Discussion The findings are discussed from a developmental perspective to highlight how consistency of bedtime routines established as early as three months of age may affect sleep outcomes and that the adaptive activities associated with these routines may increase in frequency over the first two years of life.

scholarly journals Nocturnal Road Traffic Noise Exposure and Children’s Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Weyde ◽  
Norun Krog ◽  
Bente Oftedal ◽  
Jorunn Evandt ◽  
Per Magnus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
Children’S Sleep

scholarly journals 0982 Content Analysis Of The Features And Claims Of Smartphone Applications For Children’s Sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A373-A373
Author(s):  
I Talker ◽  
J L Kaar ◽  
S L Simon
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
Google Play ◽  
Bedtime Routine

Abstract Introduction Empirically supported treatments for pediatric sleep problems exist but many families turn to other sources for help with their child’s sleep, such as smartphone applications (apps). Sleep apps are easy for families to access but little evidence exists regarding the validity of the services and information provided. The goal of this study was to examine the features and claims of sleep apps for children. Methods A search of the Apple iTunes store and Google Play Store was conducted using the terms “kids sleep” and “baby sleep”. 635 apps were initially identified. Apps were excluded if they were not specifically for children (n=163), not for sleep (n=152), or if they had <100,000 downloads (n=246). Content analyses were used to assess the apps functions, claims, and evidence base. Results A total of 74 apps were examined of which only 4% offered sleep improvement strategies. The majority were sound and light apps (77%) and 19% were bedtime games/stories. The apps were highly rated (average 4.4 out of 5) and most were free (54%); the price of paid apps ranged from $0.99 to $119.99 (annual subscription). Only 2 apps were identified as containing empirical evidence, and all of the apps featuring games and stories to be used as part of the bedtime routine are in opposition to the recommendation to avoid the melatonin-suppressing effect of electronics/bright light before bedtime. Despite this, many apps boasted claims that they will help children “fall asleep instantly,” “cry less and sleep better,” or improve child development. Conclusion A large variety of sleep applications exist aimed for use with children. Many boast claims that cannot be supported by empirical evidence, and indeed may be in opposition to research support. Collaboration between sleep researchers and technology developers may be beneficial for the creation of evidence-supported apps to help with children’s sleep. Support N/A

626 Association between Co-Sleep and Behavioral Problems among Preschoolers in Taiwan

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A245-A246
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Wu ◽  
Ya-Chuan Huang ◽  
Yung-Sen Chang ◽  
Chien-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Developmental Problems ◽  
Bed Sharing ◽  
Nighttime Sleep ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Abstract Introduction ‘Co-sleep’ is defined as the sleep arrangements in which parents and their child sharing a sleeping surface (bed-sharing or room-sharing). Similar to the other Asian countries, Taiwan has a high reported rates of bed-sharing. Previous researches had shown shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality in children with co-sleep. However, the association between co-sleep and the children’s emotional and behavioral problems has not been well studied. This study aims to explore the association between sleeping arrangements and children’s sleep, as well as their daytime emotional and behavioral problems. Methods 9,582 caregivers of preschoolers (age= 4.70±0.806; Male: Female=52%:48%) completed a questionnaire regarding their children’s sleep schedule, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and Strength and Difficulties Questions (SDQ). The reported frequency on the items of the CHSQ question regarding co-sleep, asking whether the child falls asleep in parent’s or sibling’ s bed or sleep alone, were used to divide the children into three groups: usually co-sleep group, sometimes co-sleep group and sleep-alone group. Results Among 2,967 preschoolers, 6,272 children (65.5%) reported usually co-sleep, 816 children (8.5%) reported sometimes co-sleep, and 2,494 children (26%) reported sleeping alone. One-way ANOVAs showed significant differences among three groups in: 1) sleep patterns, including weekday nighttime sleep duration (F=24.43, p<.01), weekend nighttime sleep duration (F=3.13, p<.05), weekday nap duration (F=4.24, p<.05), and weekend nap time (F=4.39, p<.05); 2) sleep problems on the CHSQ, including bed time resistance (F=7027.25, p<.01), sleep onset delay (F=33.06, p<.01), sleep duration (F=65.51, p<.01), sleep anxiety (F=788.48, p<.01), night waking (F=37.90, p<.01), parasomnias (F=47.43, p<.01), sleep disorder breathing (F=7.58, p<.01), and sleepiness (F=13.44, p<.01); 3) behavioral problems and development on the SDQ, including hyperactivity (F=21.16, p<.01), emotional symptom (F=23.08, p<.01), conduct problem (F=8.65, p<.01), peer problems (F=20.59, p<.01), and prosocial (F=17.67, p<.01). Conclusion Our results indicate that children with more frequent co-sleep may have shorter sleep duration, more sleep problems as well as more external and internal behavioral problems, while sleep-alone children showed more prosocial behaviors, longer sleep duration, and less sleep problems. The potential developmental problems related to co-sleep may be underestimated in Asian culture and need more attentions. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Genetic and Epigenetic Contributions to Child Heath Outcomes in the STRONG Kids 2 Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 941-941
Author(s):  
Fatma Kadayifci ◽  
Sharon M Donovan ◽  
Margarita Teran-Garcia ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strong Kids ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Objectives Childhood obesity is becoming a significant health concern in the United States, and the prevalence of excess weight increases continuously throughout the growing years. It has been proposed that genetic variation partly contributes to the susceptibility of obesity and its development during the early onset. Thus, this study focuses on the determination of the genome-wide signatures (GWAS) and epigenomic signatures (EWAS) of divergent weight for length z scores (WFLZ) in the first year of life. In addition, it attempts to relate the molecular findings to body composition, BMI, adipose tissue deposition, in the first 5 years of life. Our objective is to generate novel preliminary data on the contributions to child health outcomes. Our approach involves integrating genetic and epigenetic variations with factors such as diet and growth. Methods Initially, saliva samples of 426 children from SKP cohort were collected. Next, height and weight measurements were collected at intervals of 6 weeks, 3, 12, and 18 months, and 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. Measures such as maternal height and weight were also collected at the time points mentioned above. Furthermore, children were separated into three groups based on their WFLZ score trajectories (low-slow raising growth, mid stable growth and low-high rising growth) and it was demonstrated that there was a biological variation within the groups to investigate the genetic regulation of development in early life. For genomic analysis, DNA was extracted from infant saliva samples, fixed and quantified to used for genomic analysis. Results After statistical analysis 96 samples were chosen and genotyping were carried out using Illimuna Systems. Further results will be discussed at Nutrition 2021 Online. For the epigenetic analysis, EWAS analysis will be conducted and 850,000 methylation sites further will be investigated. We hypothesize that divergent growth factors in the first year of life will represent a unique epigenomic pattern and reveal new genetic targets modified by environmental variables. Conclusions This cohort study will provide valuable information about growth trajectories and genome and epigenome in the first 5 y of life. Funding Sources University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, FIRE Grant

scholarly journals Child Sleep Linked to Child and Family Functioning in Children with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Anna J. Esbensen ◽  
Emily K. Schworer ◽  
Emily K. Hoffman ◽  
Susan Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Family Stress ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Child Sleep ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

Sleep problems have a bi-directional impact on the daytime performance of children, parental well-being, and overall family functioning in the general population. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at a high risk of sleep problems, yet the relationship between sleep problems, adaptive functioning, and family stress in children with DS is not well documented. We examined the relationship between sleep (i.e., duration and quality) and child and parent/family functioning. Sixty-six children with DS wore an actigraph for a week to assess their sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Their parents completed ratings on child sleep duration and parasomnias, child adaptive functioning, parental depression and sleep, and family stress. The parents’ reports of their children’s sleep duration were associated with parental depressive symptoms. The parents’ reports of their children’s restless sleep behaviors were associated with poorer performances in child-compliant/calm behaviors, worse parental sleep, and negative parental feelings and sibling relationships. The findings from actigraph measures of the children’s sleep demonstrated that greater sleep efficiency was associated with greater child adaptive functioning and fewer parental depressive symptoms. The study findings provide preliminary evidence that sleep problems are related to child adaptive functioning, parental functioning, and family stress in children with DS.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Sima Maree ◽  
Esa Mohammadi Zidi ◽  
Saeed Yari ◽  
Maryam Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleeping Habits ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017. Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001). Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.

scholarly journals 55 Profiles of Sleep Problems among Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. e23-e23
Author(s):  
Lonnie Zwaigenbaum ◽  
Anat Zaidman-Zait ◽  
Eric Duku ◽  
Teresa Bennett ◽  
Pat Mirenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
Bedtime Routine

Abstract Background Sleep problems are more common and severe among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to their typically developing peers. The goal of this study was to characterize sleep problems profiles and their clinical correlates, based on a five-factor model of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) among preschool children with ASD. Objectives (1) To describe empirically-derived patterns (i.e., latent profiles) of sleep problems among young children with ASD; and (2) To examine relations between family cumulative risk and emotional-behavioral dysregulation symptoms and sleep profile membership. Design/Methods The study included 318 three-to-five year old children (M= 49.45 months; SD = 5.77). Latent profile analysis was used to identify and describe profiles of sleep problems. Sleep problems were assessed using a previously established CSHQ five-factor model: (1) Bedtime Routine; (2) Sleep Onset & Duration; (3) Night Waking; (4) Morning Waking; and (5) Sleep Disordered Breathing, with higher scores indicating greater problems. We assess whether profile membership was associated with dysregulation difficulties (CBCL 1.5-5) and family cumulative risk index (CRI; constructed based on socioeconomic status, maternal distress, family functioning, and other related factors) using a three-step method (Vermunt & Magidson, 2013). Results A five-profile model of children’s sleep problems showed the best fit (Figure 1). Profile 1, Nighttime Sleep Problems (28%), consisted of children with scores around the sample mean, except relatively lower scores on Morning Waking. Profile 2, Severe Sleep Problems (25%), consisted of children with relatively high scores across all sleep problems. Profile 3, Low Sleep Problems (18%), included children with the lowest levels of all sleep problems. Profile 4, Moderate Sleep Problems (17%), included children with all sleep problem levels near the sample mean. Profile 5, Morning Waking Problems (12%), consisted of children with low scores on Bedtime Routine problems but pronounced Morning Waking problems. Dysregulation difficulties (Wald = 13.90; p = .001) and family CRI (Wald = 13.27; p =.001) emerged as significant predictors of profile membership. Higher CRI was associated with higher odds of membership in Profile 2 (Severe Sleep Problems), and lower scores for dysregulation difficulties were associated with higher odds of membership in Profile 3 (Low Sleep Problems). Conclusion Children with ASD present distinct profiles of sleep problems that differ, not only by overall severity, but also by relative severity across types of sleep problems. Children’s dysregulation and family risk should be considered in examining children’s sleep.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sleep problems and its relation to sleeping habits in toddlers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Maree ◽  
Esa Mohammadi Zidi ◽  
Saeed Yari ◽  
Maryam Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleeping Habits ◽  
Children’S Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Background: Sleep problems in children have serious physical and psychological consequences such as obesity, aggression and attention deficit disorder in toddlers. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sleep problems and its relation with sleeping habits of toddlers in 2017. Methods: By random sampling from rural families of Razan city of Hamadan province, 120 mothers of 12- to 36-month-old children were selected and data collection tools included contextual questions, medical history and 33-question questionnaire of children's sleep habits (CSHQ) completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 23, independent t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean age of the children was 22.82±7.53 months and 55% of them were boys and the prevalence of sleep problems was 70.8% (95% confidence interval: 71.9-69.7). The average sleep duration of the children was 11 hours and more than 60% of the children went to bed after 23 o'clock. Results show that age is an important factor in most dimensions of CSHQ and age predicts daytime sleepiness (β = -0.263), nocturnal wakefulness (β = -0.113) and duration, Sleep time (β = -0.108) and sleep resistance (β = 0.194) respectively. Also, parents' education and child's current weight were predictors of subscales of CSHQ questionnaire (P <0.05). In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between sleep duration with infant sleep anxiety (r = 0.527) and resistance to sleep (r = 0.473) as well as nocturnal wakefulness with parasomnia (r = 0.416) (P <0.001). Conclusion: Given the alarming prevalence of sleep problems in toddlers in the present study and the impact of some changeable factors on children's sleep health, designing interventions aimed at educating mothers to improve healthy sleep habits in toddlers is necessary.

176 Linear and Nonlinear Associations Between Sleep and Academic Achievement in Middle Childhood: The Role of Early Life SES

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A71-A72
Author(s):  
Gianna Rea-Sandin ◽  
Reagan Breitenstein ◽  
Leah Doane ◽  
Emily Vakulskas ◽  
Carlos Valiente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Nonlinear Associations ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Children’S Sleep

Abstract Introduction Elementary-aged children in low socioeconomic environments are more likely to experience poor sleep, which can negatively impact academic performance. However, it is unknown whether early-life socioeconomic status (SES) influences associations between sleep and academic achievement later in childhood. Using a demographically diverse sample of children followed longitudinally from 1 to 8 years, we tested linear and nonlinear associations between actigraphy-based sleep duration, midpoint time, sleep duration variability, and parent-reported sleep problems with academic achievement. In addition, we examined whether these associations varied by early SES. Methods The sample comprised 707 twins (52% female; Mage=8.44 years; 28.7% Hispanic/Latinx; 29.7% at or below the poverty line). SES was ascertained at 1 and 8 years, and children wore actigraph watches to assess sleep for 7 nights (Mnights=6.79) and completed the Applied Math, Picture Vocabulary, and Passage Comprehension subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Achievement. Primary caregivers also reported on their children’s sleep and academic performance (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire and Health and Behavior Questionnaire, respectively). Results Sleep was not linearly related to academic achievement, but there was a significant quadratic association between sleep midpoint with Picture Vocabulary (b=0.28, p&lt;.01) and Passage Comprehension (b=0.17, p&lt;.05). More parent-reported sleep problems were negatively related to Applied Problems performance for lower (b=-1.16, p&lt;.001) and positively associated for higher early SES (b = 1.00, p &lt; .01). More parent-reported sleep problems predicted lower Passage Comprehension for lower (b = -0.59, p &lt; .05), but not higher early SES. Longer sleep duration predicted higher parent-reported academic achievement for lower early SES (b=0.14, p&lt;.01) and lower achievement for higher early SES (b=-0.23, p&lt;.001). Conclusion Our findings illustrate the complex, sometimes nonlinear associations between children’s sleep and academic performance. Many associations varied by early-life SES, suggesting that early childhood environments have long-lasting implications for child functioning, over and above the effect of concurrent SES. Increasing the quantity and quality of children’s sleep could improve academic outcomes, particularly for children who have experienced socioeconomic disadvantage. Support (if any) This research was supported by grants from NICHD (R01HD079520 and R01HD086085) and ASU T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics.

scholarly journals BabySleep_Noise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Blume ◽  
Sarah Fiona Schoch ◽  
Danielle Vienneau ◽  
Martin Röösli ◽  
Malcolm Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Transportation Noise ◽  
First Year Of Life

Study objectives: During infancy, adequate sleep is crucial for physical and neurocognitive development. In adults and children, night-time noise exposure is associated with sleep disturbances. However, whether and to what extent infants’ sleep is affected, is unknown. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between nocturnal transportation noise and actimetry-derived habitual sleep behavior across the first year of life.Methods: In 144 healthy infants (63 girls), nocturnal (23:00–7:00) transportation noise (i.e., road, railway, and aircraft) was modeled at the infants’ individual places of residence. Using actimetry, we recorded movement patterns for 11 days in a longitudinal design at 3, 6, and 12 months and derived the recently proposed core sleep composites of night-time sleep duration, activity, and variability. Using linear-mixed effects models, we determined associations between noise exposure and sleep composites. Sex, gestational age, parents’ highest educational level, infants’ age, and the existence of siblings served as control variables.Results: In models without interactions, night-time noise was unrelated to sleep composites across the first year of life (p &gt; .16). Exploratory analyses of an interaction between noise and the existence of siblings yielded an association between night-time transportation noise and sleep duration in infants without siblings only (p=0.004). Conclusion: In our study, sleep in infants during the first year of life was relatively robust against external perturbation by night-time transportation noise. However, particularly in children without siblings increasing night-time transportation noise reduced sleep duration. This suggests that the habitual noise environment may modulate individual susceptibility to adverse effects of noise on sleep.

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