0756 SHORT SLEEP DURATION DRIVES ACCELERATED AGING IN THE UNITED STATES ESPECIALLY AMONG RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITIES

Abstract Background Diet is an important risk factor for cancer that is amenable to intervention. Estimating the cancer burden associated with diet informs evidence-based priorities for nutrition policies to reduce cancer burden in the United States. Methods Using a comparative risk assessment model that incorporated nationally representative data on dietary intake, national cancer incidence, and estimated associations of diet with cancer risk from meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, we estimated the annual number and proportion of new cancer cases attributable to suboptimal intakes of seven dietary factors among US adults ages 20 years or older, and by population subgroups. Results An estimated 80 110 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 76 316 to 83 657) new cancer cases were attributable to suboptimal diet, accounting for 5.2% (95% UI = 5.0% to 5.5%) of all new cancer cases in 2015. Of these, 67 488 (95% UI = 63 583 to 70 978) and 4.4% (95% UI = 4.2% to 4.6%) were attributable to direct associations and 12 589 (95% UI = 12 156 to 13 038) and 0.82% (95% UI = 0.79% to 0.85%) to obesity-mediated associations. By cancer type, colorectal cancer had the highest number and proportion of diet-related cases (n = 52 225, 38.3%). By diet, low consumption of whole grains (n = 27 763, 1.8%) and dairy products (n = 17 692, 1.2%) and high intake of processed meats (n = 14 524, 1.0%) contributed to the highest burden. Men, middle-aged (45–64 years) and racial/ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and others) had the highest proportion of diet-associated cancer burden than other age, sex, and race/ethnicity groups. Conclusions More than 80 000 new cancer cases are estimated to be associated with suboptimal diet among US adults in 2015, with middle-aged men and racial/ethnic minorities experiencing the largest proportion of diet-associated cancer burden in the United States.

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Racial/ethnic disparities in sleep duration and sleep disturbances among pregnant and non‐pregnant women in the United States

Journal of Sleep Research ◽

10.1111/jsr.13000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lydia Feinstein ◽

Ketrell L. McWhorter ◽

Symielle A. Gaston ◽

Wendy M. Troxel ◽

Katherine M. Sharkey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Racial Ethnic

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“We Are Here to Assist All Individuals Who Need Hospice Services”: Hospices’ Perspectives on Improving Access and Inclusion for Racial/Ethnic Minorities

Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1177/2333721420920414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 233372142092041 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Courtney Hughes ◽

Erin Vernon

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Native American ◽

Ethnic Minority ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Community Outreach ◽

The United States ◽

Medical Community ◽

Major Theme ◽

Language Services ◽

Racial Ethnic

Background: Racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States are less likely to utilize hospice services nearing their end of life, potentially diminishing their quality of care while also increasing medical costs. Objective: Explore the minority hospice utilization gap from the hospice perspective by examining perceived barriers and facilitators as well as practices and policies. Method: Qualitative surveys were conducted with 41 hospices across the United States. Qualitative data analysis included performing a limited content analysis, including the identification of themes and representative quotations. Results: Commonly reported barriers to hospice care for racial/ethnic minorities included culture/beliefs, mistrust of the medical system, and language barriers. A major theme pertaining to successful minority hospice enrollment was an inclusive culture that provided language services, staff cultural training, and a diverse staff. Another major theme was the importance of community outreach activities that extended beyond the medical community and forming relationships with churches, racial/ethnic minority community leaders, and Native American reservations. Conclusion: The importance of incorporating a culture of inclusivity by forming committees, providing language services, and offering culturally competent care emerged in this qualitative study. Building strong external relationships with community groups such as churches is a strategy used to increase racial/ethnic minority utilization of hospice.

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Is Culture More Important for Racial/Ethnic Minorities than for Whites? An Experiment and Survey on the Cultural (Mis)Attribution Bias Among College Students in the United States

10.31234/osf.io/74rmp ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José M. Causadias ◽

Woochan Kwon ◽

Christina Pedram ◽

Kevin Michael Korous

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

College Students ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

The United States ◽

Cultural Dimension ◽

Partial Support ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Psychological Dimension ◽

Attribution Bias ◽

Racial Ethnic

•Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the degree to which college students in the United States endorse the Cultural (Mis)Attribution Bias, the belief that culture matters more for racial/ethnic minorities than for Whites. We hypothesized that students will rate more favorably a sample of minorities for a homework assignment on culture (Hypothesis 1), more favorably a sample of Whites for an assignment on psychology (Hypothesis 2), will indicate that psychological processes are more influential in shaping the behavior of Whites (Hypothesis 3), that cultural processes are more influential in the behavior of minorities (Hypothesis 4), and will believe that other college students endorse these views (Hypothesis 5). We expected none of these effects to be moderated by participant’s race/ethnicity.•Methods: Convenience sample of college students (N = 798), 48% racial/ethnic minority, 66% female, Mage = 19.02. We conducted an experiment and survey with the same sample.•Results: We found support for Hypothesis 1, no support for Hypothesis 2, partial support for Hypothesis 3, support for Hypothesis 4, and partial support for Hypothesis 5. •Conclusions: These findings provide clear support to the “minorities are more cultural” dimension of this bias, but less support for the “Whites are more psychological” dimension. These findings have important implications, as they document that a sample of college students endorse this bias in ways that are both consistent and different to older, more educated, and less diverse faculty.

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879Sleep Duration and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with diabetes

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yohannes Adama Melaku ◽

Sarah Appleton ◽

Amy Reynolds ◽

Tiffany Gills ◽

Robert Adams

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity Analysis ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Dose Response ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

The United States ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Long Sleep ◽

Specific Mortality

Abstract Background Evidence shows that habitual short and long sleep is associated with higher mortality risk in the general population. However, studies on the association between sleep duration and mortality in people with diabetes are scarce. Methods Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of the United States (US) between 2004 and 2014 (N = 32,766) were used. Self-reported habitual sleep duration for those with self-reported doctor diagnosed diabetes was categorized as ≤ 6 hr (short sleep), 7-8 hr (adequate sleep), and ≥9 hr (long sleep). Mortality status and cause of death data were retrieved from the US National Death Index and linked. We used adjusted Cox proportional models to examine the association between sleep duration and mortality risk. Dose-response relationships were quantified. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding cardiovascular and cancer cases. Results In the median follow-up time of 4.6 years (171,375.2 person-years), 5312 all-cause, 1129 cardiovascular, 1148 cancer and 494 diabetes deaths were recorded. Whereas short sleep duration (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 1.11) in diabetic patients was not associated with all-cause mortality, long sleep duration was positively (aHR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.57) associated with increased mortality risk. A similar trend of association was found with cause-specific mortality and the dose-response analysis identified a “J” shape association. Similar results were found upon sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Long but not short sleep duration is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in diabetic patients. Key messages Sleep should be part of behavioural intervention to prevent premature mortality in those with diabetics.

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Abstract P197: Household And Neighborhood Context As Contributors To Racial Disparities In Sleep Among Adolescents

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.143.suppl_1.p197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Saelee ◽

Regine Haardörfer ◽

Dayna A Johnson ◽

Julie A Gazmararian ◽

Shakira F Suglia

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Minority ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Minority Adolescents ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Ethnic Minority Adolescents

Background: Short sleep duration (e.g., <9 hours (hrs) for 6-12 years and <8 hrs for 13-18 years) is highly prevalent and associated with cardiometabolic risk among adolescents. Significant racial disparities in sleep duration among adolescents have been found. Investigating mechanisms driving sleep disparities is important for informing interventions to reduce disparities. Neighborhood and household stressors may contribute to racial disparities in sleep among adolescents as prior literature have found them to be patterned by race/ethnicity and associated with sleep duration. This study examined neighborhood and household context as mediators in the association between race/ethnicity (a proxy for sociocultural factors such as racism) and sleep duration among adolescents. Methods: Participants (n=13,019) were from Waves I and II of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative multi-ethnic sample of adolescents and their health in adulthood. Sleep duration was self-reported in whole hours per day and categorized based on age-specific cut-offs for short sleep (6-12 years: <9 hrs, 13-18 years: <8 hrs, 19-25 years: <7 hrs) vs. recommended (6-13 years: 9-11 hrs, 14-17 years: 8-10 hrs, 18-25 years: 7-9 hrs). Neighborhood factors included neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g. census tract measures: proportions of female-headed households, individuals below the poverty threshold, individuals receiving public assistance, adults with < high school education, and adults unemployed), perceived safety and social cohesion. Household factors included living in a single parent household and household SES (e.g. highest parental education, income, and occupation). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to simultaneously assess mediation of neighborhood and household context in the association between race/ethnicity and short sleep duration adjusting for age and sex. Results: The sample was 4% Asian, 15% African American (AA), 2% American Indian (AI), 12% Hispanic, and 66% non-Hispanic White (NHW) and mean age 15 years (SD=.1). In SEM, AAs (β=.055, p<.001) and Asians (β=.047, p=.047) were more likely to have short sleep duration than NHW. Higher household SES was associated with a greater probability for short sleep duration (β=.061, p=.004) in the total sample. Only household SES was a significant mediator, explaining 11.6%, 9.9%, and 42.4% of AA-NHW, AI-NHW, and Hispanic-NHW differences, respectively. Conclusion: Although household SES partially explained racial disparities, improving household SES conditions for racial/ethnic minority adolescents may not reduce disparities, given that higher household SES was positively associated with short sleep duration. Future studies should explore buffers for racial/ethnic minority adolescents in the context of SES to inform interventions and reduce disparities in sleep.

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