scholarly journals Effects of added fat on growth performance of finishing pigs sorted by initial weight1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad W Hastad ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
White Grease ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Light Group

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine whether dietary fat fed to pigs of different weight categories differentially influences growth performance. Both experiments were conducted in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with main effects of dietary fat addition (0 or 6% choice white grease) and sort weight category (HEAVY, LIGHT, or MIXED). In experiment 1, 1,032 pigs (initially 30.7 kg) were individually weighed and sorted into two body weight (BW) groups with one group consisting of pigs greater than median BW and the other group less than median BW. Pens were then formed by randomly selecting pigs: 1) only from heavy group (HEAVY), 2) only from light group (LIGHT), or 3) from both heavy and light groups to create a normal distribution around barn BW mean (simulation of unsorted pigs; MIXED). In experiment 2, 1,176 pigs (initially 35.1 kg) were visually sorted into BW groups and assigned to HEAVY, LIGHT, and MIXED pen weight categories. Overall in experiment 1, adding 6% dietary fat increased average daily gain (ADG) of LIGHT pigs, but not HEAVY pigs (HEAVY vs. LIGHT × fat interaction, P = 0.03), but increased (P < 0.05) ADG regardless of sort category in experiment 2. In both experiments, HEAVY pigs had greater (P < 0.05) overall ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but decreased (P < 0.05) G:F compared with LIGHT pigs. However, when HEAVY and LIGHT treatment groups were combined, growth performance and carcass characteristics were similar to MIXED pigs. Sorting decreased coefficient of variation (CV) of final BW but did not affect CV of ADG. In conclusion, because adding fat to the diets of lightweight pigs improved ADG in both experiments, dietary fat could be used selectively in the barn to increase the weight of the lightest 50% of the pigs. However, the sorting pigs into light and heavy weight groups did not improve growth performance or carcass characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary additions of modified tall oil, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and bacon characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Waylan ◽  
P. R. O’Quinn ◽  
R. D. Goodband ◽  
J. A. Unruh ◽  
J. L. Nelssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Chromium Nicotinate ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Eighty gilts were supplemented with modified tall oil (MTO), chromium nicotinate (CrNic), and L-carnitine to determine effects on growth and meat quality characteristics. Pigs were assigned to one of eight treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of MTO (0 or 0.5%), CrNic (0 or 50 μg kg-1), and L-carnitine (0 or 50 mg kg-1). Pigs fed MTO had increased (P = 0.03) average daily gain and pigs fed CrNic had improved (P = 0.02) gain:feed. Bellies from pigs supplemented with MTO with no CrNic were firmer (P < 0.05) than bellies from all other treatment combinations. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected for longissimus muscle (LM) visual or objective color values. Furthermore, no differences (P > 0.05) were detected for LM Warner-Bratzler shear force or sensory traits. Bacon from pigs fed MTO had firmer (P < 0.05) slices than bacon from pigs fed no MTO.These data suggest improvements in growth performance from addition of 0.50% MTO and(or) 50 μg kg-1 CrNic to diets of finishing gilts. Supplementing with MTO, CrNic, and L-carnitine had minimal effects on carcass, LM color and sensory, or bacon characteristics. Key words: Pork, modified tall oil, chromium nicotinate, L-carnitine, longissimus muscle, bacon

scholarly journals 140 Influence of Enogen Feed Corn and Conventional Yellow Dent Corn in Pelleted or Meal-based Diets on Finishing Pig Performance and Carcass Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Hadley Williams ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Starch Gelatinization ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Conditioning Temperature ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Pellet Form ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Previous research has indicated that starch gelatinization during the pelleting process is greater for Enogen® Feed corn compared to conventional yellow dent corn. Increasing starch gelatinization in the pellet increases the starch digestibility in the pig, which potentially leads to increased growth rate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding Enogen Feed corn in meal or pellet form on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. A total of 288 pigs (53.0 ± 0.5 kg) were used with 8 pigs/pen and 9 pens/treatment in a 72-d study. Treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn) and diet form (meal or pellet). Main effects of corn source and diet form as well as their interactions were tested. Pelleting parameters were established with a target conditioner temperature of 82.2°C and corn moisture of 13 to 14%. When pelleting the diets, the conditioning temperature for conventional yellow dent corn averaged 68.4°C and Enogen Feed corn averaged 67.7°C. The hot pellet temperature for conventional yellow dent corn averaged 75.1°C and 75.8°C for Enogen feed corn. For overall performance (d 0 to 72), no interactions between corn source and diet form were observed (P &gt; 0.05). There was a tendency (P &lt; 0.10) for slightly improved average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) for pigs fed conventional yellow dent corn compared to those fed Enogen Feed corn. Pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P &lt; 0.001) ADG, G:F, and hot carcass weight compared to pigs fed meal diets. In summary, feeding pelleted diets to finishing pigs increased ADG and G:F compared to those fed meal-based diets. There were no major differences observed between corn sources or interactions between corn source and diet form on growth performance.

scholarly journals Influence of Enogen Feed corn and conventional yellow dent corn in pelleted or meal-based diets on finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadley R Williams ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
Pig Performance

Abstract Genetic modification of corn has enhanced the use of different corn hybrids in animal agriculture. Enogen Feed corn, developed by Syngenta Seeds (Downers Grove, IL), has potential for use in livestock diets due to increase α-amylase enzyme in the corn thus improving starch digestibility. In addition, the pelleting process also increases starch gelatinization which increases its digestibility by the pig, increasing growth rate and improving feed efficiency. Therefore, pelleting Enogen Feed corn might prove to provide a greater response in growth performance than conventional yellow dent corn. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of corn source and diet form on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. A total of 288 pigs (53.0 ± 0.5 kg) were used with 8 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment in a 72-d study. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn) and diet form (meal or pellet). For overall (d 0 to 72) performance, no interactions between corn source and diet form were observed. There was a tendency (P &lt; 0.10) for slightly improved average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) for pigs fed conventional yellow dent corn compared to those fed Enogen Feed corn. For feed form, pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P &lt; 0.001) ADG and G:F compared to pigs fed meal diets. For carcass characteristics, pigs fed pelleted diets had increased hot carcass weight compared to pigs fed meal diets (P &lt; 0.001). In summary, feeding pelleted diets to finishing pigs increased ADG and improved feed efficiency compared to those fed meal-based diets. There were no major differences between observed corn sources or interactions between corn source and diet form on growth performance.

scholarly journals Effects of narasin or virginiamycin on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara K Linneen ◽  
Roger A Arentson ◽  
J Jeffrey Chewning ◽  
Scott N Carr
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Incomplete Block Design ◽  
Finishing Pig ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of narasin (NAR; Skycis®; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) or virginiamycin (VIR; Stafac®; Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Teaneck, NJ) on finishing pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. Two separate experiments were conducted at the same site in 2013 and 2014. A total of 576 pigs (initial BW = 23.2 ± 0.19 kg) were housed in 24 pens with 8 pigs per pen in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, a total of 888 pigs (initial BW = 26.2 ± 0.12 kg) were housed in 39 pens with 8 pigs per pen. Treatments consisted of a series of unmedicated corn-soybean meal diets (CON), CON + NAR (15 mg/kg), or CON + VIR (11 mg/kg) fed for 108 d (Exp. 1) or 109 d (Exp. 2). Pen was the experimental unit in both studies. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with the main effects of block and treatment (Exp. 1) and as an incomplete block design with the fixed effect of treatment and the random effects of barn and barn within block (Exp. 2). In Exp.1, NAR and VIR increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and ADFI from d 0 to 28, and BW on d 28, 56, 76 and 97 as compared to pigs fed CON. During day 0 to 28, pigs fed NAR had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) G:F than those fed CON or VIR. Also, during d 28 to 56 pigs fed VIR had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADFI than pigs fed CON. Pigs fed NAR or VIR had greater (P &lt; 0.05) carcass yield than those fed CON. In Exp.2, feeding NAR increased (P &lt; 0.05) pig BW from d 54 through 96 compared to pigs fed CON or VIR. No differences (P &gt; 0.05) in ADG were detected between pigs fed VIR and CON through the first 74 d, but ADG of pigs fed VIR was similar to (P &gt; 0.05) those fed NAR from d 26 to 54. From do 0 to 109, NAR improved ADG compared to pigs fed VIR, which also had similar gain to those consuming CON (P = 0.04). Feed efficiency was similar between pigs fed NAR and VIR with pigs fed CON intermediate (P = 0.05). Pigs fed NAR had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) HCW and loin depth than those fed CON or VIR. A subtherapeutic dose of VIR showed improvements in growth performance that were similar to NAR in one experiment. Although there were differences in the magnitude of growth and carcass effects of NAR between the two studies, pigs fed NAR showed at least a tendency to have greater G:F and in some cases increased carcass weight and yield compared to pigs consuming nonmedicated feed.

Effects of dietary fat on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment.

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 2643 ◽  
Author(s):  
M De la Llata ◽  
S S Dritz ◽  
M D Tokach ◽  
R D Goodband ◽  
J L Nelssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Commercial Environment

Influence of the efficacy of a probiotic complex containing Bacillus subtilis and Pichia farinosa on the growth performance and fecal microbiota of finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-970
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Pichia Farinosa

A total of 120 finish pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc; 52.61 ± 2.37 kg] were randomly allotted into three treatments for a 70 d trial to evaluate the growth performance and fecal microbiota counts in finishing pigs. Treatment groups were (i) basal diet (CON), (ii) CON + 0.1% probiotic complex (TRT1), and (iii) CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (TRT2). Each treatment consisted of eight replicate pens with five pigs per pen. The average daily gain and fecal Lactobacillus counts of TRT2 were increased (P < 0.05) compared with CON treatment. The result showed that 0.2% complex probiotic was more effective than 0.1%.

scholarly journals PSIV-15 Determining the effects of increasing levels of xylanase in nutrient adequate diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
Hayden R Kerkaert ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Unit Body Weight

Abstract A total of 1,944 mixed sex growing-finishing pigs (PIC; 337×1050; initial BW of 22.5±0.53 kg) were used in a 131-d growth trial to determine the effects of increasing levels of xylanase in adequate diets on grow-finish pig growth performance and carcass characteristics. The 6 dietary treatments consisted of corn, soybean meal, and dried distillers grains with solubles with added xylanase (Belfeed B 1100 MP; Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec) formulated to: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 75 of enzymatic activity for xylanase (IU/kg) with 27 pigs per pen and 12 replicates per treatment. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using lmer function in lme4 package in R with pen considered as the experimental unit, body weight as blocking factor, and treatment as a fixed effect. From d 0 to 70, there was a tendency (quadratic, R=0.068) for average daily gain (ADG) to decrease and then increase with increasing added xylanase, but there was no evidence (R &gt;0.10) of differences for average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G/F). From d 70 to 131 and overall, there was no evidence of difference (R &gt;0.10) observed for ADG, ADFI, and F/G. There was no evidence for difference (R &gt;0.10) between treatments for number of pigs receiving injectable treatments or mortalities. For carcass traits, increasing xylanase increased then decreased (quadratic, R=0.010) percentage carcass yield. Also, as xylanase increased, percentage lean decreased (linear, R=0.038) and backfat marginally increased (linear, R=0.066). In conclusion, adding increasing levels of xylanase in nutrient adequate diets did not influence growth performance or mortality but did improve carcass yield when intermediate levels were fed.

scholarly journals 291 Determining the effects of manganese source and level on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and economics of growing-finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
Hayden R Kerkaert ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Source Level ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Growth Trial ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract A total of 1,944 pigs (PIC 337×1050; initially 34.5±0.50 kg) were used in a 107-d growth trial to determine two different manganese source at 3 doses level effects on performance of growing-finishing pigs. Pens (27 pigs) were assigned to treatments in a RCB based on weight with 12 replicates/treatment. Diets were corn-SBM-based and fed in 4 phases. Treatments were arranged in a 2×3 factorial with Mn source (MnSO4 or Mn hydroxychloride: IBM, Micronutrients, Indianapolis, IN) and level (8, 16, or 32 ppm) as main effects. Overall, there was a marginal Mn source×level interaction (quadratic, R=0.057) for G:F, with the lowest and highest level of Mn IBM being best, but G:F improved with increasing Mn from MnSO4. There was no evidence for Mn source differences for ADG or ADFI, but 16 ppm of Mn tended to have the poorest (quadratic, R&lt; 0.097) ADG and final BW (quadratic, R&lt; 0.05) compared to other levels. There was a tendency for Mn source′level interaction (quadratic, R=0.075) for carcass yield, where yield did not change by increasing MnSO4, but was greatest for 16 ppm Mn from IBM. Loin depth increased (source×level, R=0.041) for increasing Mn from MnSO4 but decreased when Mn was increased from IBM. The intermediate level of Mn had the lightest HCW (quadratic, R=0.071) and decreased loin depth (quadratic, R=0.044). No evidence of difference (R &gt;0.10) was observed for concentration of Cu and Zn in the liver. Manganese concentration increased (linear, R=0.015) as Mn supplementation increased and tended to be greater (P=0.075) when Mn was supplied by MnSO4 compared to IBM. These data suggest little difference between source but did show improvements in growth performance for 8 and 32 ppm of Mn compared with 16 ppm. Further research is needed to understand why the poorest performance was observed at the intermediate level of Mn.

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