The efficacy of peer-led oral health programs based on Social Cognitive Theory and Health Belief Model among Hong Kong adolescents: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Colman P J McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Hong Kong Adolescents ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Oral diseases are preventable through the building of good oral health behaviors. Theory-based behavior change was key to the efficacy of oral health promotion since conventional promotion strategies achieved only short-lived and limited improvements. The objective of the study was to investigate the efficacy of a peer-led oral health intervention based on the health belief model (HBM) and the social cognitive theory (SCT) on oral self-care behaviors among Hong Kong adolescents. One thousand one hundred and eighty-four adolescents in 12 schools participated and were randomly assigned to either intervention or control group, utilizing a cluster-randomized controlled trial design. Brushing/flossing frequency, HBM/SCT constructs, oral health knowledge, and dental anxiety were measured at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Changes in behaviors were assessed using mixed-effects model and the mediators of behavioral change were identified with parallel multiple mediation analysis. At 6 months, the intervention group showed a significant increase in the frequency of brushing and flossing compared with the control group. Self-efficacy was identified as mediator between treatment condition and behavioral changes of brushing and flossing. Combining theories of HBM and SCT is a promising avenue for efficacy in oral health behaviors. The effects were mediated through cognitive variables, which provided guidance for both theory and health intervention development.

scholarly journals Factors predicting the oral health behaviors of the Iranian students in the District 1 Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. e206579
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Pourhaji ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Delshad ◽  
Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian ◽  
Alireza Hidarnia ◽  
Shamsodin Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Aim: The purpose of this examination is determining the predictors of oral health behaviors among Iranian students in district 1 Tehran based on the health belief model with added commitment to plan construct. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 351 four grade female students in the first district of Tehran, Iran in 2017. The multi‑stage random cluster sampling method was used to recruit students. The inclusion criteria were being in four – graded level of elementary schools of the 1st district in Tehran, being female students aged between 9-11 years and being physically and psychologically healthy student. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables that predict oral health behaviors. Results: Totally, (N= 31.8%) students  reported that they were brushing less than twice a day and (N=   55.2% ) students claimed  using of dental floss once a week or less than once a day. The results indicated that perceived self-efficacy (OR=1.46, 95% CI=0.57-3.78, P<0.001), commitment to plan (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.23, P<0.001) and cues to action (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.14–1.76, P=0.002) were the significant predicting variables of brushing twice a day, and use of dental floss once a day or more (OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.23-3.53, P=0.003). Conclusion: This study has shown the effectiveness of the health belief model with added commitment to plan construct to predict oral health behavior in female students. Thus, it seems that the model as a acceptable framework for designing training programs to improve oral health behavior in students.

Health Promotion With Adolescents: Examining Theoretical Perspectives to Guide Research

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen S. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Theory Use

A guiding theoretical framework in research serves not only to guide a single research study, but also to link previous and future research that is guided by the same framework. Existing theoretical perspectives appropriate for use with adolescent health promotion research were reviewed. Instead of randomly selecting several theories for comparison, an intensive review of the literature was conducted to identify which theories were most commonly used with adolescent health promotion research. The results of this review revealed some interesting and noteworthy information regarding the state of theory use in adolescent health research for the last decade. Information is provided on theoretical perspectives by journal and year of publication. Trends are analyzed so that nurses can evaluate the current state of the science. Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986), the health belief model (Becker, 1978), and the health promotion model (Pender, 1996) emerged as the most significant theories for adolescent health promotion research and thus are discussed at the end of the article.

scholarly journals Modelling health belief predictors of oral health and dental anxiety among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P. J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM. Methods 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety. Results Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14–1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09–1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status. Conclusions Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM may help the future design of theory-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Modelling health belief predictors of oral health and dental anxiety among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM. Methods: 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety. Results: Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status. Conclusions: Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM may help the future design of theory-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Modelling Health Belief Predictors of Oral Health and Dental Anxiety Among Adolescents Based on the Health Belief Model: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM.Methods: 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety.Results: Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status.Conclusions: Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM can help the future design of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Modelling health belief predictors of oral health and dental anxiety among adolescents based on the Health Belief Model: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilu Xiang ◽  
Hai Ming Wong ◽  
Antonio P. Perfecto ◽  
Colman P.J. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background: A vicious cycle exists between dental anxiety, oral health behaviors and oral health status. Based on previous research, psychological factors of the Health Belief Model (HBM) are associated with oral health behaviors and oral health, and are likely involved in this cycle. However, little is known about the relationship between HBM factors and dental anxiety of adolescents. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between health belief factors, oral health and dental anxiety based on the constructs of the HBM.Methods: 1207 Grade 2 students from 12 secondary schools in Hong Kong were randomly selected and measured for the decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. Data for oral health behaviors, HBM constructs and dental anxiety were collected using questionnaires. The hierarchical entry of explanatory variables into logistic regression models estimating prevalence odds ratios (POR) were analyzed and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for DMFT and dental anxiety were generated. Path analysis was used to evaluate the appropriateness of the HBM as predictors for oral health behaviors, DMFT and dental anxiety.Results: Based on the full model analysis, individuals with higher perceived susceptibility of oral diseases (POR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56) or girls or whose mother received higher education level were likelier to have a DMFT≥1, while those with higher perceived severity (POR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.09-1.57), flossing weekly, DMFT≥1 or higher general anxiety level statistically increases the possibility of dental anxiety. The results from path analysis indicated that stronger perceived susceptibility, greater severity of oral diseases, less performing of oral health behaviors and a higher score of DMFT were directly related to increased dental anxiety level. Other HBM variables, such as perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy beliefs, cues to action and perceived barriers, might influence dental anxiety through oral health behaviors and caries status.Conclusions: Clarifying the propositional structures of the HBM may help the future design of theory-based interventions in reducing dental anxiety and preventing dental caries.

scholarly journals Antecedents of individual safety behavior during the pandemic times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakia Khurshid Kayani ◽  
Tayyba Fatima ◽  
Thurasamy Ramayah ◽  
Tahir Mumtaz Awan ◽  
Ruqia Khan
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Belief Model

Abstract Background This study aims to measure the safety behavior of individuals’ during the pandemic of COVID-19 by integrating Health Belief Model (HBM) and behavioral theories i.e. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Information-Motivation Behavioral Skills (IMB). Methods The research was conducted in education sector; data was collected from students and staff (teaching and nonteaching) of universities. Mono method was used with deductive approach. Data was collected from 780 respondents and analyzed using Smart PLS3. Results A scenario-based survey conducted online, and data was collected from 780 respondents to test the model. Data analysis was conducted by using SPSS and Smart PLS3.The results highlighted the factors that leads towards behavioral change during the pandemic times. The results highlighted the factors that leads towards behavioral change during pandemic times. Conclusions This study not only contributes into the existing literature on social marketing but also will bring the betterment in the society by measuring the safety behavior of individuals. This research may also help the health policy makers and contributes as communication guideline for individuals to follow safety behaviors which will limit the spread of COVID-19. Trial Registration: Not applicable

scholarly journals Factors Predicting the Oral Health Behaviors of the Iranian Students in the District 1 Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Delshad ◽  
Fatemeh Pourhaji ◽  
Alireza Hidarnia ◽  
Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian ◽  
Shamsodin Niknami
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Iranian Students ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
The Health Belief Model

Aim: The purpose of this examination is determining predictors to oral health behaviors predict in Iranian students in district 1 Tehran based on the health belief model with added commitment to plan construct. Methods: This cross-sectional study were randomly selected conducted on 351 eligible four grade female students in the first district of Tehran, Iran in 2017. The random Multi‑stage random cluster sampling method was used to recruit students. The inclusion criteria were being graded, four female students (aged 9-11 years), or education at the fourth grade of one of the elementary schools studied in the first district of Tehran and, The health of the student from a physical and psychological of view. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables that predict oral health behaviors. To assess the predictors of oral health behaviors, all the expanded Health Belief Model constructs with the construct of &ldquo;Commitment to Plan of Action&rdquo; from &ldquo;Health Promotion Model were examined as risk factors to see if they influence on the probability of brushing behavior and dental floss behavior occurrence and were interpreted through odds ratio (OR). SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data. Results: Totally 308 four grade female students with mean age of 9.32 &plusmn; 0.81 years old took part in the study. The total 31.8% of the students reported that they were brushing behavior less than twice a day and 55.2% students claimed, use of dental floss behavior once a week or less than once a day. The results indicated that perceived self-efficacy (OR=1.46, 95% CI=0.57-3.78, P&lt;0.001), Commitment to plan (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.04-1.23, P&lt;0.001) and Cues to action (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.14&ndash;1.76, P=0.002) were the significant predicting variables which is the key factor of brushing twice a day, and use of dental floss once a day or more (OR=1.02, 95% CI=0.23-3.53, P=0.003). Conclusion: This study has shown the effectiveness of the health belief model with added commitment to plan construct to predict oral health behavior in female students. So, it seems that the model as a framework for designing training programs to improve students to improve oral health behavior can be used.

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